鉴于restframework良好自带网页的功能，使用django-admin 创建一个新的app,安装restframework模块，为了让我们的django-admin后台网页好看点，采用流行的simpleui，这个模块Element-UI + Vue 加持，让古老的django admin 焕然一新。
二、安装simpleui模板
pip install simpleui
创建静态文件目录
在settings文件中配置好STATIC_ROOT= os.path.join(BASE_DIR,‘static’)
不然在python manage.py collectstatic会报错
再加上SIMPLEUI_HOME_INFO = False
在INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘simpleui’,
‘django.contrib.admin’,
‘django.contrib.auth’,]
注意simpleui一定要加在第一行，不然会被admin覆盖的,安装的效果失效
安装好之后django-admin的主页就变成下面的了，很好看
这界面一搞是不是逼格直接就上去了,很好看
创建一个项目django-admin startapp apsched 项目
1.安装django-apscheduler
pip install django-apscheduler
2.注册django-apscheduler
在setting.py文件中注册django-apscheduler为APP
INSTALLED_APPS = [
…
‘django_apscheduler’, # 定时任务
3,数据库迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
到此可以看到MySQL数据已经建了两个表
这两个表已经建好了，推测出来使用了django-apscheduler这个模块安装之后会有model建立好，实际也的确如此
查看apsched app中的serializers.py
from django_apscheduler.models import DjangoJob
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
class DjangoJobSerializer(ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
fields = '__all__'
model = DjangoJob
查看apsched app中的views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler
from django_apscheduler.jobstores import DjangoJobStore,register_job
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from django.http import JsonResponse
import datetime,time
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from .serializers import DjangoJobSerializer
from django_apscheduler.models import DjangoJob
import threading,os
def my_job():
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),threading.current_thread().getName(),threading.get_ident(),os.getpid())
print("============开始休息10S=====================")
time.sleep(10)
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),threading.current_thread().getName(),threading.get_ident(),os.getpid())
print("============继续休息10S=====================")
time.sleep(10)
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),threading.current_thread().getName(),threading.get_ident(),os.getpid())
print("============继续休息10S=====================")
time.sleep(10)
print(datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),threading.current_thread().getName(),threading.get_ident(),os.getpid())
print("================休息结束=====================")
from apscheduler.executors.pool import ThreadPoolExecutor,ProcessPoolExecutor
EXECUTORS = {
'default': ThreadPoolExecutor(2),
# 'default': ProcessPoolExecutor(5)
}
JOB_DEFAULTS = {
'coalesce': False,
'max_instances': 1,
'misfire_grace_time': None
}
# 实例化调度器
scheduler=BackgroundScheduler(job_defaults=JOB_DEFAULTS,executors=EXECUTORS,timezone='Asia/Shanghai')
# 调度器使用默认的DjangoJobStore()
scheduler.add_jobstore(DjangoJobStore(), 'default')
class DjangoJobViewSet(ModelViewSet):
permission_classes = []
authentication_classes = []
queryset = DjangoJob.objects.all()
serializer_class = DjangoJobSerializer
def create(self,request):
print(dir(request))
try:
# id = request.data.get('id')
trigger_type = request.data.get('trigger_type')
if trigger_type == "date":
run_time = request.data.get('run_time')
job=scheduler.add_job(func=my_job,
trigger=trigger_type,
next_run_time=run_time,
replace_existing=True,
coalesce=False)
print(job,type(job),job.__getstate__().get('id'))
print("添加一次性任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
elif trigger_type == 'interval':
print(request.data)
seconds = request.data.get('interval_time')
seconds = int(seconds)
print('seconds value is',seconds)
if seconds <= 0:
raise TypeError('请输入大于0的时间间隔！')
job=scheduler.add_job(func=my_job,
trigger=trigger_type,
seconds=seconds,
replace_existing=True,
coalesce=False)
print("添加一次性任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
elif trigger_type == "cron":
print(type(eval(request.data.get("run_time"))))
print(eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["day_of_week"])
day_of_week = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["day_of_week"]
hour = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["hour"]
minute =eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["minute"]
second = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["second"]
job=scheduler.add_job(func=my_job, trigger=trigger_type, day_of_week=day_of_week,
hour=hour, minute=minute,
second=second, replace_existing=True)
print("添加周期执行任务成功任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
return JsonResponse({'msg':'新增任务成功'})
except Exception as e:
return JsonResponse({'msg':f'新增任务失败error:{e}'})
@action(methods=['POST','GET'],detail=True)
def pause(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(args,kwargs)
response = {'status': False}
try:
target_id=kwargs['pk']
scheduler.pause_job(target_id)
response['status'] = True
response['msg'] = "job[%s] pause success!" %(target_id)
except Exception as e:
response['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(response)
@action(methods=['POST','GET'],detail=True)
def resume(self,request,pk):
response = {'status': False}
try:
scheduler.resume_job(pk)
response['status'] = True
response['msg'] = "job[%s] resume success!" % pk
except Exception as e:
response['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(response)
def update(self, request, *args,**kwargs):
pk=kwargs['pk']
print('put方法pk值是:',pk)
try:
trigger_type = request.data.get('trigger_type')
if trigger_type == "date":
run_time = request.data.get('run_time')
job = scheduler.modify_job(pk,jobstore=None, func=my_job,
trigger=trigger_type,
next_run_time=run_time,
replace_existing=True,
coalesce=False)
print(job, type(job), job.__getstate__().get('id'))
print("修改一次性任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
elif trigger_type == 'interval':
print(request.data)
seconds = request.data.get('interval_time')
seconds = int(seconds)
print('seconds value is', seconds)
if seconds <= 0:
raise TypeError('请输入大于0的时间间隔！')
job = scheduler.modify_job(pk,jobstore=None, func=my_job,
trigger=trigger_type,
seconds=seconds,
replace_existing=True,
coalesce=False)
print("修改一次性任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
elif trigger_type == "cron":
print(type(eval(request.data.get("run_time"))))
print(eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["day_of_week"])
day_of_week = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["day_of_week"]
hour = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["hour"]
minute = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["minute"]
second = eval(request.data.get("run_time"))["second"]
print(hour,minute,second)
temp_dict=dict(day_of_week=day_of_week,
hour=hour, minute=minute,
second=second)
job=scheduler.reschedule_job(pk,trigger='cron',**temp_dict)
print("修改执行任务成功任务成功---[ %s ] " % job.__getstate__().get('id'))
return JsonResponse(dict(msg=f'修改单个任务成功{pk}'))
except Exception as e:
return JsonResponse(dict(msg=f'修改单个任务失败{pk}报错:{e}'))
# 调度器开始运行
scheduler.start()
上面这个脚本是关键脚本，使用了restframework的action功能
permission_classes = []
authentication_classes = []
上面的框架项目因为还有别的app采用了验证，在restframework的权限认证中也已经settings中设置，所以为了方便测试上面两个权限要设置为空值，不然会提示权限不够
urls.py的脚本
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path
from django.conf.urls import include,url
from rest_framework import routers
router=routers.DefaultRouter()
from .views import DjangoJobViewSet
router.register('apsjob',DjangoJobViewSet)
urlpatterns = [
path('',include(router.urls)),
]
上面的views.py脚本中有interval，cron，date（指定日期）几种定时任务
把项目跑起来
PS F:\pyprogram3\restful_manu> python .\manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified 7 issues (0 silenced).
June 08, 2022 - 10:51:43
Django version 3.2.13, using settings 'restful_manu.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
由于有些变量需要前端传入进去，我偷懒当然前端也比较麻烦就没做，采用了postman模拟前端传入变量，下面验证三种闯入
第一种cron运行
可以看出来的确已经创建四个cron定时任务，我们代码里面加上了线程ID，线程名称和进程ID，在EXECUTORS设置了2个线程池，同一时刻只允许job运行一次，max_instances:1这个就是对这限制
后端也可以看出执行成功了
可以看出来django运行定时任务的时候都是单进程多线程，上面我设置了4个定时任务，都是同一时刻执行，2个线程分配出来，先2个运行结束了后面在运行两个
如果是5个定时任务和我们上面的结果也是一致的
2022-06-08 15:10:00 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============开始休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:00 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============开始休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:10 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:10 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:20 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:20 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:30 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
================休息结束=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:30 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
================休息结束=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:30 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============开始休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:30 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============开始休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:40 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:40 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:50 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:10:50 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:00 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
================休息结束=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:00 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============开始休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:00 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_1 12196 16936
================休息结束=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:10 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:20 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
============继续休息10S=====================
2022-06-08 15:11:30 ThreadPoolExecutor-1_0 8424 16936
================休息结束=====================
一个进程分配两个线程，一个线程运行结束了继续下一个，类似于thread.start() thread.join()这种模式
通过restframework网页可以看出action的内容都已经体现
这里面的delete,pause,resume功能都能成功实现
MAX_INSTANCES代表的是可以同时运行的实例数目，也就是如果job A在11:00运行了，每10分钟运行一次，但是job A在11:10还没结束，那么11:10时候的jobA就会停下来
第二种interval运行
最后一种date运行
可以观察也是运行成功了，只是这种定时任务也就运行一次很短暂，在运行的时候定时任务已经不存在了，就像某些动物一样开始到结束昙花一现
需要注意的如果修改scheduler的运行时间参数直接通过数据库修改是不起作用的，我试验过，但是不起作用
需要是固定的函数来修改，我使用modify_job修改过，代码
scheduler.modify_job('61cf7ed98e974522a61e69d4e5e78fe6',jobstore=None,func=my_job,trigger='cron', day_of_week=2,hour=14, minute=50,second=00, replace_existing=True)
但是提示我Expected a trigger instance, got str instead’，具体原因看了下源码这样修改我modify还是没成功但是rescheduler_job成功修改了，上面有代码
tmp_dict = {"seconds":10}
temp_trigger = scheduler._create_trigger(trigger='interval',trigger_args=tmp_dict)
result = scheduler.modify_job(pk,trigger=temp_trigger)
rescheduler_job也是最终使用modify_job修改
trigger = self._create_trigger(trigger, trigger_args)
now = datetime.now(self.timezone)
next_run_time = trigger.get_next_fire_time(None, now)
return self.modify_job(job_id, jobstore, trigger=trigger, next_run_time=next_run_time)
django-apscheduler不能开启多进程模式会报错，开启方式
EXECUTORS = {
# 'default': ThreadPoolExecutor(2),
'default': ProcessPoolExecutor(5)
}
报错内容
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
Error running job 4de15bdff2484c1ea5c303fc755fe021
concurrent.futures.process.BrokenProcessPool: A process in the process pool was terminated abruptly while the future was running or pending.
定时任务cron相关参数说明
year (int|str) – 4-digit year
month (int|str) – month (1-12)
day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
second (int|str) – second (0-59)
start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
本文的api接口create,update函数都是自己手动改写的，restframework调用的时候网页修改会失效
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