opencv读取视频，Mat-＞ffmpeg, BGR24-＞YUV420最后压缩成H264格式，写成MP4文件

static void encode(AVCodecContext *enc_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,
	FILE *outfile)
{
	int ret;

	/* send the frame to the encoder */
	if (frame)
		printf("Send frame %lld\n", frame->pts);

	ret = avcodec_send_frame(enc_ctx, frame);
	if (ret < 0) 
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a frame for encoding\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (ret >= 0) 
	{
		ret = avcodec_receive_packet(enc_ctx, pkt);
		if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
			return;
		else if (ret < 0) 
		{
			fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");
			exit(1);
		}

		printf("Write packet %lld--size:%d\n", pkt->pts, pkt->size);
		fwrite(pkt->data, 1, pkt->size, outfile);
		av_packet_unref(pkt);
	}
}
int main() 
{
	//像素格式转换上下文
	
	Mat input_img;
	VideoCapture cap(0);
	if (!cap.isOpened()) 
	{
		cerr << "can not open camera" << endl;
		exit(-1);
	}
	// 源图像参数
	int width = 640;
	int height = 480;
	int fps = 25;
	int iRet = avformat_network_init();
	uint8_t endCode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
	//const AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_encoder_by_name("libx264");
	AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
	if (!codec) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Codec '%s' not found\n", "libx264");
		exit(1);
	}
	// 给编码器分配内存，返回对应编码器上下文
	AVCodecContext *codecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
	if (!codecCtx)
	{
		cout << "avcodec_alloc_context3  failed!" << endl;
		getchar();
		return -1;
	}
	// 配置编码器上下文的成员
	
	
	codecCtx->width = width; // 设置编码视频宽度 
	codecCtx->height = height; // 设置编码视频高度
	codecCtx->time_base.num = 1;
	codecCtx->time_base.den = 25; // 设置帧率，num为分子，den为分母，如果是1/25则表示25帧/s
	codecCtx->framerate.num = 25;
	codecCtx->framerate.den = 1;
 
	codecCtx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P; // 设置输出像素格式
	AVPacket* pkt = av_packet_alloc();
	if (!pkt)
	{
		exit(1);
	}
	av_init_packet(pkt);	
	
	// 打开编码器
	int ret = avcodec_open2(codecCtx, codec, NULL);
	if (ret < 0)
	{
		cout << "avcodec_open2  failed!" << endl;
		getchar();
		return -1;
	}
	cout << "avcodec_open2 success!" << endl;

	// 3 创建视频重采样上下文：指定源和目标图像分辨率、格式
	SwsContext *swsCtx = NULL;
	swsCtx = sws_getContext(width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,
							width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
							SWS_BICUBIC,
							NULL, NULL, NULL
							);
	FILE* f = fopen("test.mp4", "wb");
	if (!f) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", "test.mp4");
		exit(1);
	}

	//创建BGR视频帧
	AVFrame *rgbFrame = av_frame_alloc();
	rgbFrame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
	rgbFrame->width = width;
	rgbFrame->height = height;
	ret = av_frame_get_buffer(rgbFrame, 32);

	//创建YUV视频帧并配置
	AVFrame *yuvFrame = av_frame_alloc();
	yuvFrame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
	yuvFrame->width = width;
	yuvFrame->height = height;
	ret = av_frame_get_buffer(yuvFrame, 32);

	if (ret < 0)
	{
		cout << "av_frame_get_buffer  failed!" << endl;
		getchar();
		return -1;
	}

	// 循环写视频文件
	int pts = 0;
	int count = 0;
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		cap >> input_img;
	
		//dealWithImg(input_img);//识别手部
		Mat temp;
		input_img.copyTo(temp);
		uint8_t *src_data[4];
		int src_linesize[4];
		//BGR24--->YUV420
		av_image_fill_arrays(src_data, src_linesize, temp.data, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, temp.cols, temp.rows, 1);
		cv::Size frameSize = temp.size();
		int cvLinesizes[1];
		cvLinesizes[0] = temp.step1();
		av_image_copy(rgbFrame->data, rgbFrame->linesize, (const uint8_t **)src_data, src_linesize, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, temp.cols, temp.rows);
		sws_scale(swsCtx, &temp.data, cvLinesizes, 0, height, yuvFrame->data, yuvFrame->linesize);

	 
		yuvFrame->pts = i;
		/* encode the image */
		encode(codecCtx, yuvFrame, pkt, f);
	}

	/* flush the encoder */
	encode(codecCtx, NULL, pkt, f);
	/* add sequence end code to have a real MPEG file */
	if (codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO || codec->id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO)
		fwrite(endCode, 1, sizeof(endCode), f);
	fclose(f);
	avcodec_free_context(&codecCtx);
	av_frame_free(&yuvFrame);
	av_packet_free(&pkt);
	return 0;
}