opencv 矩阵行列求和

一、矩阵的求和函数

函数： reduce（）；

官方文档：

Reduces a matrix to a vector.

C++:  void  reduce (InputArray  src, OutputArray  dst, int  dim, int  rtype, int  dtype=-1  ) ¶

Python:   cv2. reduce (src, dim, rtype [, dst [, dtype ] ] ) → dst

C:  void  cvReduce (const CvArr*  src, CvArr*  dst, int  dim=-1, int  op=CV_REDUCE_SUM )

Python:   cv. Reduce (src, dst, dim=-1, op=CV_REDUCE_SUM ) → None

Parameters:

src – input 2D matrix. dst – output vector. Its size and type is defined by dim and dtype parameters. dim – dimension index along which the matrix is reduced. 0 means that the matrix is reduced to a single row. 1 means that the matrix is reduced to a single column. rtype – reduction operation that could be one of the following: CV_REDUCE_SUM: the output is the sum of all rows/columns of the matrix. CV_REDUCE_AVG: the output is the mean vector of all rows/columns of the matrix. CV_REDUCE_MAX: the output is the maximum (column/row-wise) of all rows/columns of the matrix. CV_REDUCE_MIN: the output is the minimum (column/row-wise) of all rows/columns of the matrix. dtype – when negative, the output vector will have the same type as the input matrix, otherwise, its type will be CV_MAKE_TYPE(CV_MAT_DEPTH(dtype), src.channels()).

The function reduce reduces the matrix to a vector by treating the matrix rows/columns as a set of 1D vectors and performing the specified operation on the vectors until a single row/column is obtained. For example, the function can be used to compute horizontal and vertical projections of a raster image. In case of CV_REDUCE_SUM and CV_REDUCE_AVG , the output may have a larger element bit-depth to preserve accuracy. And multi-channel arrays are also supported in these two reduction modes.

总结一句话：参数的选择要对应

示例：

double a[5][4] =
	{
		{ 4, 0, 2, 5 },
		{ 1, 1, 0, 7 },
		{ 0, 5, 2, 0 },
		{ 0, 3, 4, 0 },
		{ 8, 0, 1, 2 }
	};

	Mat ma(5, 4, CV_64FC1, a);
	Mat mb(5, 1, CV_64FC1, Scalar(0));
	Mat mc(1, 4, CV_64FC1, Scalar(0)); 

        cout << "原矩阵：" << endl;
	cout << ma << endl;

	reduce(ma, mb, 1, CV_REDUCE_SUM);
	cout << "列向量" << endl;
	cout << mb << endl;

	reduce(ma, mc, 0, CV_REDUCE_SUM);
	cout << "行向量" << endl;
	cout << mc << endl;

参考的文档： http://docs.opencv.org/2.4/modules/core/doc/operations_on_arrays.html#reduce

Tips: 异常信息提示

cv::reduce for SUM and 8U input can return only 32S, 32F or 64F types. 

所以在进行计算的时候一定要注意矩阵的数据类型，不然会出现以下错误提示信息：

cv::reduce gives unsupported format exception

就像下面的代码，如果将 double 改成了uchar ，ma(....，CV_8UC1，...） mb, mc 同样，那么计算reduce的时候就会抛出异常了。

	uchar matrix[5][6] = {  { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, 
				{ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 }, 

				{ 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 }, 
				{ 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 }, 
				{ 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 } };

	Mat matr(Size(6, 5), CV_8UC1, matrix);

	Mat mb(5, 1, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0));
	Mat mc(1, 6, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0));

	reduce(matr, mb, 1, CV_REDUCE_SUM);
	cout << "列向量" << endl;
	cout << mb << endl;

参考链接：

http://answers.opencv.org/question/3698/cvreduce-gives-unsupported-format-exception/

// Mark一下，各种操作函数待续