Python基础-9.1创建和使用类

1、创建Dog类

# 创建Dog类
class Dog():
    """一次模拟小狗的简单尝试"""
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        """初始化属性name和age"""
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


    def sit(self):
        """模拟小狗被命令时蹲下"""
        print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")
    def roll_over(self):
        """模拟小狗被命令时打滚"""
        print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")

①在Python中首字母大写的名称指的是类，类中定义的括号为空是因要从空白创建这个类；
②类中的函数称为方法 __init__(self），形参self必不可少。

2、根据类创建实例

# 根据类创建实例
my_dog = Dog('willie',6)
# 访问属性，句点表示法： my_dog.name
print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title())
print("My dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old！")
# 调用方法
my_dog.roll_over()
my_dog.sit()

3、创建多个实例

# 创建多个实例：将每个实例都存储在不同的变量中，或列表、或字典的不同位置
your_dog = Dog('Lucky', 8)
print("My dog's name is " + your_dog.name.title())
print("My dog is " + str(your_dog.age) + " years old！")
your_dog.sit()

练习：

9-1

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.name = restaurant_name
        self.type = cuisine_type
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print("\nThe restaurant's name is " + self.name.title() + "!")
        print("\nThe restaurant is " + self.type + "!")
    def open_restsurant(self):
        print("\n" + self.name.title() + " is open !")


restaurant_1 = Restaurant('紫光阁', '川菜馆')
restaurant_1.describe_restaurant()
restaurant_1.open_restsurant()

9-2(接9-1的类）

restaurant_1 = Restaurant('紫光阁', '川菜馆')
restaurant_1.describe_restaurant()
restaurant_1.open_restsurant()

restaurant_2 = Restaurant('海底捞', '火锅店')
restaurant_2.describe_restaurant()

restaurant_3 = Restaurant('沙县小吃', '快餐店')
restaurant_3.describe_restaurant()

9-3

# 9-3
class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.Last_name = last_name

    def describe_user(self):
        """"打印客户信息"""
        print("\nThe user's name is " + self.first_name.title() + " " + self.Last_name + "!")
    def greet_user(self):
        """向用户发出个性化问候"""
        name = self.first_name.title() + " " + self.Last_name
        print("Hello, " + name)


user1 = User('lily', 'jhon')
user1.describe_user()
user1.greet_user()

# 创建多个实例
user2 = User('Liu', 'Chenxiao')
user2.describe_user()
user2.greet_user()