C. Hexadecimal's Numbers

C. Hexadecimal’s Numbers
time limit per test1 second
memory limit per test64 megabytes
inputstandard input
outputstandard output
One beautiful July morning a terrible thing happened in Mainframe: a mean virus Megabyte somehow got access to the memory of his not less mean sister Hexadecimal. He loaded there a huge amount of n different natural numbers from 1 to n to obtain total control over her energy.

But his plan failed. The reason for this was very simple: Hexadecimal didn’t perceive any information, apart from numbers written in binary format. This means that if a number in a decimal representation contained characters apart from 0 and 1, it was not stored in the memory. Now Megabyte wants to know, how many numbers were loaded successfully.

Input
Input data contains the only number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 109).

Output
Output the only number — answer to the problem.

Examples
input
10
output
2
Note
For n = 10 the answer includes numbers 1 and 10.

借鉴了大神的做法

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i ++) {
        if(s[i] > '1') {
            for(int j = i; j < s.length(); j ++) {
                s[j] = '1';
            }
        }
    }

    int sum = 0;
    int t = 1;
    for(int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i --) {
        if(s[i] == '1')
            sum += t;
        t *= 2;
    }
    cout << sum << endl;
    return 0;
}