非常方便的U盘安装系统的方法

前几天，想着体验一下gnome3桌面，却意外发现其提供的制作live USB的脚本软件非常有用，只需要一个命令就可以直接将系统ISO镜像制作成live USB ，从U盘启动后可获得与从光盘启动一样的效果，酷吧！！

#!/usr/bin/env python # # image-usb-stick # # Author: # Aaron Bockover <abockover@novell.com> # # Copyright 2010 Novell, Inc. # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in # all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN # THE SOFTWARE. # import os import sys import re from time import time from optparse import OptionParser # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Utilities for the Disk classes # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ def sh (cmd): for line in os.popen (cmd).readlines (): yield line.rstrip ('/r/n') def make_id (id): return re.sub ('[_]{2,}', '_', re.sub ('^[0-9]', '_', re.sub ('[^A-Za-z0-9]', '_', id))) / .strip () / .strip ('_') / .lower () # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Base Disk classes # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ class Disk: def __init__ (self): self.device_node = None self.mount_point = None self.is_mounted = False self.name = 'Unknown' self.size = 0 self.children = [] def unmount (self): return False def eject (self): return False def is_valid (self): return not self.device_node == None and self.size > 0 def get_mounted_devices (self): if self.is_mounted: yield self for child in self.children: if child.is_mounted: yield child def __str__ (self): return '%s (%s) - %0.02g GB' % (self.name, self.device_node, self.size / 1000000000.0) class DiskManager: @staticmethod def get_manager (): import types for name, type in globals ().iteritems (): if isinstance (type, types.ClassType) and / issubclass (type, DiskManager) and / not type == DiskManager: try: return type () except: pass def get_devices (self): return # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # OS X Disk implementation # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ class OsxDisk (Disk): def __init__ (self, node, parent = None): Disk.__init__ (self) self.attrs = {} self.parent = parent for parts in [line.split (':') for line in sh ('diskutil info %s' % node)]: if len (parts) == 2: val = parts[1].strip () if len (val) > 0: self.attrs[make_id (parts[0])] = val self.device_node = self.attrs['device_node'] self.is_mounted = 'mounted' in self.attrs and self.attrs['mounted'] == 'Yes' self.name = self.attrs['device_media_name'] if 'volume_name' in self.attrs and not self.attrs['volume_name'] == self.name: self.name = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.attrs['volume_name']) if 'mount_point' in self.attrs: self.mount_point = self.attrs['mount_point'] m = re.match ('.*/((/d+) Bytes/).*', self.attrs['total_size']) if m: self.size = float (m.group (1)) if self.parent: return for parts in [line.split (':') for line in sh ('diskutil list %s' % node)]: try: id = int (parts[0].strip ()) if id < 1: continue except: continue child = OsxDisk ('%ss%d' % (self.device_node, id), self) self.children.append (child) def is_valid (self): return / Disk.is_valid (self) and / self.attrs['device_identifier'] == self.attrs['part_of_whole'] and / self.attrs['protocol'] == 'USB' and / self.attrs['read_only_media'] == 'No' and / self.attrs['ejectable'] == 'Yes' and / self.attrs['whole'] == 'Yes' and / self.attrs['internal'] == 'No' def unmount (self): import subprocess proc = subprocess.Popen ('diskutil unmount %s' % self.device_node, shell = True) return os.waitpid (proc.pid, 0)[1] == 0 class OsxDiskManager (DiskManager): def __init__ (self): if not os.path.isdir ('/Volumes') or / not os.path.isdir ('/System') or / not os.path.isfile ('/usr/sbin/diskutil'): raise Exception () def get_devices (self): for node in sh ('diskutil list'): device = self.get_device (node) if device: yield device def get_device (self, node): if node.startswith ('/dev/'): try: disk = OsxDisk (node) if disk.is_valid (): return disk except: pass # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # udevadm Disk implementation # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ class UdevDevice: def __init__ (self): self.path = None self.name = None self.symlinks = [] self.properties = {} class UdevDeviceManager: def __init__ (self): if not os.path.isdir ('/sys') or / not os.path.isfile ('/sbin/udevadm'): raise Exception () self.devices = [] device = None for line in sh ('/sbin/udevadm info --root --export-db'): try: key, value = line.split (':', 1) except: continue value = value.strip () if key == 'P': if device: self.devices.append (device) device = UdevDevice () device.path = value elif not device: continue elif key == 'N': device.name = value elif key == 'S': device.symlinks.append (value) elif key == 'E': key, value = value.split ('=', 1) device.properties[key.strip ()] = value.strip () if device: self.devices.append (device) def query_by_properties (self, *matches): for dev in self.devices: match = True for match in matches: if isinstance (match, str): if match not in dev.properties: match = False break elif isinstance (match, (list, tuple)): k, v = match[:2] if k not in dev.properties or not dev.properties[k] == v: match = False break if match: yield dev class UdevDisk (Disk): def __init__ (self, udev_device, udev_manager): Disk.__init__ (self) self.device_node = udev_device.properties['DEVNAME'] if not self.device_node[0] == '/': self.device_node = '/dev/%s' % self.device_node self.name = udev_device.properties['ID_MODEL'] try: with open ('/sys/class/block/%s/size' % / os.path.basename (self.device_node), 'r') as fp: self.size = int (fp.read ()) * 512 except: pass try: self.mount_point = udev_manager.mounts[self.device_node] self.is_mounted = not self.mount_point == None print self.mount_point except: pass if not udev_device.properties['DEVTYPE'] == 'disk': return for child in udev_manager.query_by_properties ( ['ID_BUS', 'usb'], ['ID_TYPE', 'disk'], ['DEVTYPE', 'partition'], ['ID_SERIAL', udev_device.properties['ID_SERIAL']]): try: child_disk = UdevDisk (child, udev_manager) if child_disk.is_valid (): self.children.append (child_disk) except: pass def is_valid (self): return Disk.is_valid (self) and os.path.exists (self.device_node) def unmount (self): import subprocess proc = subprocess.Popen ('/bin/umount %s' % self.device_node, shell = True) return os.waitpid (proc.pid, 0)[1] == 0 class UdevDiskMianager (DiskManager, UdevDeviceManager): def __init__ (self): UdevDeviceManager.__init__ (self) self.mounts = {} try: for line in sh ('/bin/mount'): parts = line.split () if len (parts) >= 3 and parts[1] == 'on': self.mounts[parts[0]] = parts[2] except: pass def get_devices (self): for dev in self.query_by_properties ( ['ID_BUS', 'usb'], ['ID_TYPE', 'disk'], ['DEVTYPE', 'disk']): try: disk = UdevDisk (dev, self) if disk.is_valid (): yield disk except: pass # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Tool utilities # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ def abort (): print >> sys.stderr, '/nAborted' sys.exit (1) def prompt (prompt, validate): while True: try: result = validate (raw_input (prompt)) if result: return result except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): abort () except: pass def image (in_path, out_path, progress_cb = None): file_size = os.stat (in_path).st_size buf_size = 4096 try: buf_size = os.stat (out_path).st_blksize except: pass bytes_read = 0 progress = 0 last_raise_time = 0 start_time = time () with open (in_path, 'rb') as in_fp: with open (out_path, 'wb') as out_fp: while True: buf = bytearray (buf_size) r = in_fp.readinto (buf) if r < buf_size: buf = buf[:r] out_fp.write (buf) bytes_read += r progress = int ((bytes_read / float (file_size)) * 100) current_time = time () if progress_cb and (r < buf_size or / last_raise_time == 0 or current_time - last_raise_time > 1): last_raise_time = current_time progress_cb (progress, start_time, bytes_read, file_size) if r < buf_size: break out_fp.flush () def calc_eta (bytes_read, bytes_total, elapsed): if bytes_read < 1: return 0 return long (((bytes_total - bytes_read) * elapsed) / bytes_read) def calc_bar (progress, length): fill = int ((progress / 100.0) * length) empty = length - fill return '=' * fill + ' ' * empty def progress (progress, start_time, bytes_read, total_bytes): elapsed = time () - start_time eta = calc_eta (bytes_read, total_bytes, elapsed) bar = calc_bar (progress, 48) sys.stdout.write ('/r%3d%% %ld:%02ld:%02ld [%s] ETA %ld:%02ld:%02ld ' % / (progress, elapsed / 3600, (elapsed / 60) % 60, elapsed % 60, bar, eta / 3600, (eta / 60) % 60, eta % 60)) sys.stdout.flush () # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Main program # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ if __name__ == '__main__': parser = OptionParser ( usage = 'Usage: %prog [options] IMAGE_FILE' ) parser.add_option ('-d', '--device', action = 'store', dest = 'device', help = 'Manually selected device node. This device node must be a valid root level USB storage device node even if manually selected. Omitting this option will present a menu of valid nodes.' ) parser.add_option ('-f', '--force', action = 'store_true', dest = 'force', help = 'Force the writing of the image to device. This option will not prompt for confirmation before writing to the device, and implies the -u|--unmount option!' ) parser.add_option ('-u', '--unmount', action = 'store_true', dest = 'unmount', help = 'Unmount any mounted partitions on the device. This option will not prompt for unmounting any mounted partitions.') parser.add_option ('-s', '--checksum', action = 'store', dest = 'checksum', help = 'Checksum of IMAGE_FILE. This checksum may be prefixed with a hash type. For instance, /'md5:abc.../', /'sha1:abc.../', /'sha512:abc.../'; if no prefix is specified, md5 is assumed for the hash type.' ) options, args = parser.parse_args () if len (args) < 1: parser.print_help () sys.exit (1) if not os.path.isfile (args[0]): sys.exit ('File not found: %s' % args[0]) print 'Loading disks...' manager = DiskManager.get_manager () devices = [d for d in manager.get_devices ()] target_device = None if len (devices) == 0: sys.exit ('No devices found.') print if options.device: for device in devices: if device.device_node == options.device: target_device = device break if not target_device: sys.exit ('Invalid USB device node: %s' % options.device) else: print 'Select a device to image:/n' for i in range (0, len (devices)): print ' %d) %s' % (i + 1, devices[i]) for child in devices[i].children: print ' - %s' % child print def select (i): if i >= 1 and i <= len (devices): return devices[i - 1] target_device = prompt ('Choice: ', lambda i: select (int (i))) print '/nSelected: %s/n' % target_device def select_yes_no (i): i = i.lower () if i in ('y', 'yes'): return 'y' elif i in ('n', 'no'): return 'n' mounts = [m for m in target_device.get_mounted_devices ()] if len (mounts) > 0: print 'Device has one or more mounted partitions:/n' for m in mounts: print ' %s @ %s' % (m.device_node, m.mount_point) print if options.unmount or options.force or / prompt ('Unmount all partitions? [Y/N]: ', select_yes_no) == 'y': for m in mounts: if not m.unmount (): sys.exit ('Failed to unmount device: %s at %s' % / (m.device_node, m.mount_point)) if options.force or prompt ('WARNING: imaging %s may result in data loss! Continue? [Y/N]: ' / % target_device.device_node, select_yes_no) == 'y': image (args[0], target_device.device_node, progress) print print 'Done.' else: abort () 

文件命名为：image-usb-stick

为其加上可执行权限。

用法：插入一个空白U盘，准备好光盘镜像如ubuntu.iso

sudo ./image-usb-stick path/ubuntu.iso

其中path很明显是路径

另外，很明显本脚本不适合windows。

另给出脚本下载地址，在网页的最下面有说明。

http://www.gnome3.org/tryit.html

项目主页：https://github.com/abock/image-usb-stick