本文基于JDK1.8学习与分析Integer源码。
public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer> Integer类包装一个对象中的原始类型int的值。 类型为Integer的对象包含一个单一字段，其类型为int 。此外，该类还提供了一些将int转换为String和String转换为int ，以及在处理int时有用的其他常量和方法:
package java.lang;
import java.lang.annotation.Native;
/**
* @author Lee Boynton
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @author Josh Bloch
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class Integer extends Number implements Comparable<Integer> {
/**
* int类型最小值和最大值
*/
@Native public static final int MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;
@Native public static final int MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffff;
/**
* 获取包装类对应的Class类对象
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static final Class<Integer> TYPE = (Class<Integer>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("int");
/**
* 将数字表示为字符串的所有可能字符
*/
final static char[] digits = {
'0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
'6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
};
/**
* 基于radix将int类型转为字符串
*/
public static String toString(int i, int radix) {
if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX)
radix = 10;
/* Use the faster version */
if (radix == 10) {
return toString(i);
}
char buf[] = new char[33];
boolean negative = (i < 0);
int charPos = 32;
if (!negative) {
i = -i;
}
while (i <= -radix) {
buf[charPos--] = digits[-(i % radix)];
i = i / radix;
}
buf[charPos] = digits[-i];
if (negative) {
buf[--charPos] = '-';
}
return new String(buf, charPos, (33 - charPos));
}
/**
* 以radix为基数，返回无符号整形数值的字符串表示形式
*/
public static String toUnsignedString(int i, int radix) {
return Long.toUnsignedString(toUnsignedLong(i), radix);
}
/**
* 返回整数参数的字符串表示形式，作为16位中的无符号整数
*/
public static String toHexString(int i) {
return toUnsignedString0(i, 4);
}
/**
* 在基数8中返回整数参数的字符串表示形式为无符号整数
*/
public static String toOctalString(int i) {
return toUnsignedString0(i, 3);
}
/**
* 在基数2中返回整数参数的字符串表示形式为无符号整数
*/
public static String toBinaryString(int i) {
return toUnsignedString0(i, 1);
}
/**
* 将整型数val转换为无符号整数的字符串形式
*/
private static String toUnsignedString0(int val, int shift) {
// assert shift > 0 && shift <=5 : "Illegal shift value";
int mag = Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(val);
int chars = Math.max(((mag + (shift - 1)) / shift), 1);
char[] buf = new char[chars];
formatUnsignedInt(val, shift, buf, 0, chars);
// Use special constructor which takes over "buf".
return new String(buf, true);
}
/**
* 将无符号整型长字符格式化为字符缓冲区
*/
static int formatUnsignedInt(int val, int shift, char[] buf, int offset, int len) {
int charPos = len;
int radix = 1 << shift;
int mask = radix - 1;
do {
buf[offset + --charPos] = Integer.digits[val & mask];
val >>>= shift;
} while (val != 0 && charPos > 0);
return charPos;
}
final static char [] DigitTens = {
'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
'1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
'2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
'3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
'4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
'5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
'6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
'7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
'8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
'9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
} ;
final static char [] DigitOnes = {
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
} ;
/**
* 返回一个String指定整数的 String对象
*/
public static String toString(int i) {
if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
return "-2147483648";
int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
char[] buf = new char[size];
getChars(i, size, buf);
return new String(buf, true);
}
/**
* 将参数的字符串表示形式返回为无符号十进制值
*/
public static String toUnsignedString(int i) {
return Long.toString(toUnsignedLong(i));
}
/**
* 获取字符，如果i == Integer.MIN_VALUE则会失败
*/
static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
int q, r;
int charPos = index;
char sign = 0;
if (i < 0) {
sign = '-';
i = -i;
}
while (i >= 65536) {
q = i / 100;
r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
i = q;
buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
}
for (;;) {
q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1)); // r = i-(q*10) ...
buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
i = q;
if (i == 0) break;
}
if (sign != 0) {
buf [--charPos] = sign;
}
}
final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };
static int stringSize(int x) {
for (int i=0; ; i++)
if (x <= sizeTable[i])
return i+1;
}
/**
* 基于radix，将字符串参数解析为带符号的十进制整数。
*/
public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
throws NumberFormatException
{
if (s == null) {
throw new NumberFormatException("null");
}
if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
" less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
}
if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
" greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
}
int result = 0;
boolean negative = false;
int i = 0, len = s.length();
int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int multmin;
int digit;
if (len > 0) {
char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
if (firstChar < '0') {
if (firstChar == '-') {
negative = true;
limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
} else if (firstChar != '+')
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
if (len == 1)
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
i++;
}
multmin = limit / radix;
while (i < len) {
digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
if (digit < 0) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
if (result < multmin) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
result *= radix;
if (result < limit + digit) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
result -= digit;
}
} else {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
return negative ? result : -result;
}
/**
* 将字符串参数解析为带符号的十进制整数
*/
public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
return parseInt(s,10);
}
/**
* 基于radix，将字符串参数解析为无符号整数
*/
public static int parseUnsignedInt(String s, int radix)
throws NumberFormatException {
if (s == null) {
throw new NumberFormatException("null");
}
int len = s.length();
if (len > 0) {
char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
if (firstChar == '-') {
throw new
NumberFormatException(String.format("Illegal leading minus sign " +
"on unsigned string %s.", s));
} else {
if (len <= 5 ||
(radix == 10 && len <= 9) ) {
return parseInt(s, radix);
} else {
long ell = Long.parseLong(s, radix);
if ((ell & 0xffff_ffff_0000_0000L) == 0) {
return (int) ell;
} else {
throw new
NumberFormatException(String.format("String value %s exceeds " +
"range of unsigned int.", s));
}
}
}
} else {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
}
/**
* 将字符串参数解析为无符号十进制整数
*/
public static int parseUnsignedInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
return parseUnsignedInt(s, 10);
}
/**
* 基于radx，解析String并返回一个Integer对象
*/
public static Integer valueOf(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException {
return Integer.valueOf(parseInt(s,radix));
}
/**
* 返回一个 Integer对象，保存指定的值为 String
*/
public static Integer valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
return Integer.valueOf(parseInt(s, 10));
}
/**
* 静态内部类，维护Integer缓存
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
/**
* 返回一个 Integer指定的 int值的 Integer实例
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
private final int value;
/**
* 有参构造方法
*/
public Integer(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
/**
* 字符串转Integer
*/
public Integer(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
this.value = parseInt(s, 10);
}
/**
* 返回Integer的byte类型对象
*/
public byte byteValue() {
return (byte)value;
}
/**
* 返回Integer的short类型对象
*/
public short shortValue() {
return (short)value;
}
/**
* 返回Integer的int类型对象
*/
public int intValue() {
return value;
}
/**
* 返回Integer的long类型对象
*/
public long longValue() {
return (long)value;
}
/**
* 返回Integer的float类型对象
*/
public float floatValue() {
return (float)value;
}
/**
* 返回Integer的double类型对象
*/
public double doubleValue() {
return (double)value;
}
/**
* Integer转字符串
*/
public String toString() {
return toString(value);
}
/**
* 获取哈希码
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Integer.hashCode(value);
}
/**
* 获取给定int值的哈希码
*/
public static int hashCode(int value) {
return value;
}
/**
* 将此对象与指定的对象进行比较
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Integer) {
return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
}
return false;
}
/**
* 获取字符串对象的整数值
*/
public static Integer getInteger(String nm) {
return getInteger(nm, null);
}
/**
* 获取字符串对象的整数值，如果为空则返回给定val值
*/
public static Integer getInteger(String nm, int val) {
Integer result = getInteger(nm, null);
return (result == null) ? Integer.valueOf(val) : result;
}
/**
* 返回具有指定名称的系统属性的整数值
*/
public static Integer getInteger(String nm, Integer val) {
String v = null;
try {
v = System.getProperty(nm);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) {
}
if (v != null) {
try {
return Integer.decode(v);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
}
}
return val;
}
/**
* 将String解码为Integer
*/
public static Integer decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {
int radix = 10;
int index = 0;
boolean negative = false;
Integer result;
if (nm.isEmpty())
throw new NumberFormatException("Zero length string");
char firstChar = nm.charAt(0);
if (firstChar == '-') {
negative = true;
index++;
} else if (firstChar == '+')
index++;
if (nm.startsWith("0x", index) || nm.startsWith("0X", index)) {
index += 2;
radix = 16;
}
else if (nm.startsWith("#", index)) {
index ++;
radix = 16;
}
else if (nm.startsWith("0", index) && nm.length() > 1 + index) {
index ++;
radix = 8;
}
if (nm.startsWith("-", index) || nm.startsWith("+", index))
throw new NumberFormatException("Sign character in wrong position");
try {
result = Integer.valueOf(nm.substring(index), radix);
result = negative ? Integer.valueOf(-result.intValue()) : result;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
String constant = negative ? ("-" + nm.substring(index))
: nm.substring(index);
result = Integer.valueOf(constant, radix);
}
return result;
}
/**
* 数字比较两个 Integer对象
*/
public int compareTo(Integer anotherInteger) {
return compare(this.value, anotherInteger.value);
}
/**
* 比较两个 int数字值
*/
public static int compare(int x, int y) {
return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x == y) ? 0 : 1);
}
/**
* 比较两个 int值，以数值方式将值视为无符号
*/
public static int compareUnsigned(int x, int y) {
return compare(x + MIN_VALUE, y + MIN_VALUE);
}
/**
* 参数给转换 long由无符号转换
*/
public static long toUnsignedLong(int x) {
return ((long) x) & 0xffffffffL;
}
/**
* 返回将第一个参数除以秒的无符号商，其中每个参数和结果被解释为无符号值
*/
public static int divideUnsigned(int dividend, int divisor) {
// In lieu of tricky code, for now just use long arithmetic.
return (int)(toUnsignedLong(dividend) / toUnsignedLong(divisor));
}
/**
* 返回无符号余数，将第一个参数除以秒，其中每个参数和结果被解释为无符号值
*/
public static int remainderUnsigned(int dividend, int divisor) {
// In lieu of tricky code, for now just use long arithmetic.
return (int)(toUnsignedLong(dividend) % toUnsignedLong(divisor));
}
/**
* 用于表示二进制补码二进制形式的 int值的位数
*/
@Native public static final int SIZE = 32;
/**
* 用于表示二进制补码二进制形式的 int值的字节数
*/
public static final int BYTES = SIZE / Byte.SIZE;
/**
* 返回一个int值与至多一个单个1位，在最高阶（“最左侧”）的位置在指定的一个位int值
*/
public static int highestOneBit(int i) {
// HD, Figure 3-1
i |= (i >> 1);
i |= (i >> 2);
i |= (i >> 4);
i |= (i >> 8);
i |= (i >> 16);
return i - (i >>> 1);
}
/**
* 在指定的 int值中，以最低位（最右边）为1位返回一个最多为单个1位的 int值
*/
public static int lowestOneBit(int i) {
// HD, Section 2-1
return i & -i;
}
/**
* 返回的最高阶的（“最左边的”）中所指定的二进制补码表示的一个位前述零个比特的数量 int值
*/
public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(int i) {
// HD, Figure 5-6
if (i == 0)
return 32;
int n = 1;
if (i >>> 16 == 0) { n += 16; i <<= 16; }
if (i >>> 24 == 0) { n += 8; i <<= 8; }
if (i >>> 28 == 0) { n += 4; i <<= 4; }
if (i >>> 30 == 0) { n += 2; i <<= 2; }
n -= i >>> 31;
return n;
}
/**
* 返回零位以下最低阶（“最右边的”）的数量在指定的二进制补码表示的一个位 int值
*/
public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(int i) {
// HD, Figure 5-14
int y;
if (i == 0) return 32;
int n = 31;
y = i <<16; if (y != 0) { n = n -16; i = y; }
y = i << 8; if (y != 0) { n = n - 8; i = y; }
y = i << 4; if (y != 0) { n = n - 4; i = y; }
y = i << 2; if (y != 0) { n = n - 2; i = y; }
return n - ((i << 1) >>> 31);
}
/**
* 返回指定的int值的二进制补码二进制表示中的 int数
*/
public static int bitCount(int i) {
// HD, Figure 5-2
i = i - ((i >>> 1) & 0x55555555);
i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >>> 2) & 0x33333333);
i = (i + (i >>> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f;
i = i + (i >>> 8);
i = i + (i >>> 16);
return i & 0x3f;
}
/**
* 返回通过旋转指定的二的补码的二进制表示而得到的值 int由位指定数目的左值
*/
public static int rotateLeft(int i, int distance) {
return (i << distance) | (i >>> -distance);
}
/**
* 返回通过旋转指定的二的补码的二进制表示而得到的值 int右移位的指定数值
*/
public static int rotateRight(int i, int distance) {
return (i >>> distance) | (i << -distance);
}
/**
* 返回由指定的二进制补码表示反转位的顺序而获得的值 int值
*/
public static int reverse(int i) {
// HD, Figure 7-1
i = (i & 0x55555555) << 1 | (i >>> 1) & 0x55555555;
i = (i & 0x33333333) << 2 | (i >>> 2) & 0x33333333;
i = (i & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 4 | (i >>> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;
i = (i << 24) | ((i & 0xff00) << 8) |
((i >>> 8) & 0xff00) | (i >>> 24);
return i;
}
/**
* 返回指定的 int值的 int函数
*/
public static int signum(int i) {
// HD, Section 2-7
return (i >> 31) | (-i >>> 31);
}
/**
* 返回反转指定的二进制补码表示的字节顺序而获得的值 int值
*/
public static int reverseBytes(int i) {
return ((i >>> 24) ) |
((i >> 8) & 0xFF00) |
((i << 8) & 0xFF0000) |
((i << 24));
}
/**
* 将两个整数相加
*/
public static int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
/**
* 返回两个int的较大值
*/
public static int max(int a, int b) {
return Math.max(a, b);
}
/**
* 返回两个int的较小值
*/
public static int min(int a, int b) {
return Math.min(a, b);
}
@Native private static final long serialVersionUID = 1360826667806852920L;
}
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