8-0 Java网络编程

目录

一.Socket编程

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一.Socket编程

1.网络编程概念

计算机网络的基本概念
    互联网：网络的网络
    IP地址：计算机在网络中的标识
    网关：负责连接多个网络
    协议：TCP/IP协议
    IP协议：分组交换协议
    TCP协议：面向连接，可靠传输
    UDP协议：不面向连接，不可靠传输

2.TCP编程

客户端使用Socket(InetAddress, port)打开Socket
服务器端用ServerSocket监听端口
服务器端用accept接收连接并返回Socket
双方通过Socket打开InputStream / OutputStream读写数据
flush()用于强制输出缓冲区

//客户端
public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress();//返回本机地址 127.0.0.1
            System.out.println("本机地址:" + address);
            try (Socket socket = new Socket(address, 8099)) {
                try (BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))){
                    try(BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8))){
                        writer.write("time\n");
                        writer.flush();
                        String line=reader.readLine();
                        System.out.println("收到服务器数据:"+line);
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    //end
    }
}

//服务器端
public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(8099);
            System.out.println("TCP server ready.");
            Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
            try (BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8))){
                try(BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8))){
                    String line=reader.readLine();
                    if("time".equals(line)){
                        writer.write(LocalDateTime.now().toString()+"\n");
                        writer.flush();
                    }else {
                        writer.write("sorry!\n");
                        writer.flush();
                    }
                }
            }
            socket.close();
            serverSocket.close();

        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

3.TCP多线程编程

服务器端使用无限循环
每次accept()返回后，创建新的线程来处理客户端请求每个客户端请求对应一个服务线程
使用线程池可以提高运行效率

//客户端
public class TCPClient {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress();//返回本机地址 127.0.0.1
            System.out.println("本机地址:" + address);
                try(Socket socket = new Socket(address, 8099)) {
                    try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
                        try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
                            writer.write("time\n");
                            writer.flush();
                            String line = reader.readLine();
                            System.out.println("收到服务器数据:" + line);

                            Thread.sleep(3000);
                            writer.write("bye\n");
                            writer.flush();
                            line = reader.readLine();
                            System.out.println("收到:" + line);
                        }
                    }
                }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    //end
    }
}

//服务端
public class TCPServer {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try{
            ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(8099);
            System.out.println("TCP server ready.");
            while (true) {
                Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();
                System.out.println("Accept from " + socket.getRemoteSocketAddress());
                new HandlerThread(socket).start();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

//服务端
public class HandlerThread extends Thread {
    private Socket socket;
    public HandlerThread(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try {
            System.out.println("线程开启 "+Thread.currentThread().toString());
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
                try (BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
                    while (true) {
                        String line = reader.readLine();
                        if ("time".equals(line)) {
                            writer.write(LocalDateTime.now() + "\n");
                            writer.flush();
                        }else if("bye".equals(line)){
                            writer.write("bye\n");
                            writer.flush();
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                    System.out.println("线程关闭 "+Thread.currentThread().toString());
                }catch (IOException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public Socket getSocket() {
        return socket;
    }

    public void setSocket(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }
}