一次性口令机制java实现（信息安全）

在信息学中，密码也叫口令，要实现登录验证，每次网络传输的口令都不一致，故称为一次性口令机制。

这里实现简单的一次性口令机制：（SpringMVC实现）

思路：用验证码代替时间戳，将密码（口令）通过md5算法加密，再将验证码加在后面，然后再用md5算法加密，在网络传输过程中以密文的形式传输到后台管理。后台数据库保存的是用md5算法加密的密码，将该密文加上保存在session范围内的验证码用md5算法加密，得到的密文与请求中的口令对比，如配对，则验证成功，否则，验证失败。

MD5加密：

EncryptionByMD5.java

package com.dw.controller;

public class EncryptionByMD5 {

		public static String getMD5(byte[] source) {
			String s = null;
			char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
					'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };// 用来将字节转换成16进制表示的字符
			try {
				java.security.MessageDigest md = java.security.MessageDigest
						.getInstance("MD5");
				md.update(source);
				byte tmp[] = md.digest();// MD5 的计算结果是一个 128 位的长整数，
				// 用字节表示就是 16 个字节
				char str[] = new char[16 * 2];// 每个字节用 16 进制表示的话，使用两个字符， 所以表示成 16
				// 进制需要 32 个字符
				int k = 0;// 表示转换结果中对应的字符位置
				for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {// 从第一个字节开始，对 MD5 的每一个字节// 转换成 16
					// 进制字符的转换
					byte byte0 = tmp[i];// 取第 i 个字节
					str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];// 取字节中高 4 位的数字转换,// >>>
					// 为逻辑右移，将符号位一起右移
					str[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];// 取字节中低 4 位的数字转换

				}
				s = new String(str);// 换后的结果转换为字符串

			} catch (Exception e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return s;
		}
		
		public static void main(String[] args){
		
			String test=EncryptionByMD5.getMD5("abc123".getBytes());
			//test = e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03
			System.out.println(test);

		}

}

验证码实现：RandomValidateCode.java：

package com.dw.controller;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
	/**
	 * 验证码生成类
	 */
	public class RandomValidateCode {
	    
	    public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY= "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";//放到session中的key     
	    //private String randString = "0123456789";//随机产生只有数字的字符串 private String
	    //private String randString = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生只有字母的字符串
	    private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生数字与字母组合的字符串  
	    private int width = 95;// 图片宽  
	    private int height = 25;// 图片高  
	    private int lineSize = 40;// 干扰线数量  
	    private int stringNum = 4;// 随机产生字符数量  
	    
	    private Random random = new Random(); 
	 
	    /*
	     * 获得字体
	     */ 
	    private Font getFont() { 
	        return new Font("Fixedsys", Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 18); 
	    } 
	 
	    /*
	     * 获得颜色
	     */ 
	    private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { 
	        if (fc > 255) 
	            fc = 255; 
	        if (bc > 255) 
	            bc = 255; 
	        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16); 
	        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14); 
	        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 18); 
	        return new Color(r, g, b); 
	    } 
	 
	    /**
	     * 生成随机图片
	     */ 
	    public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request, 
	            HttpServletResponse response) { 
	        HttpSession session = request.getSession(); 
	        // BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类  
	        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
	        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,该对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作  
	        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); 
	        g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 18)); 
	        g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133)); 
	        // 绘制干扰线  
	        for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) { 
	            drowLine(g); 
	        } 
	        // 绘制随机字符  
	        String randomString = ""; 
	        for (int i = 1; i <= stringNum; i++) { 
	            randomString = drowString(g, randomString, i); 
	        } 
	        //将生成的随机字符串保存到session中，而jsp界面通过session.getAttribute("RANDOMCODEKEY")，  
	        //获得生成的验证码，然后跟用户输入的进行比较  
	        session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
	        session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
	        g.dispose(); 
	        try { 
	            // 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端  
	            ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream()); 
	        } catch (Exception e) { 
	            e.printStackTrace(); 
	        } 
	 
	    } 
	 
	    /*
	     * 绘制字符串
	     */ 
	    private String drowString(Graphics g, String randomString, int i) { 
	        g.setFont(getFont()); 
	        g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random 
	                .nextInt(121))); 
	        String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString 
	                .length()))); 
	        randomString += rand; 
	        g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3)); 
	        g.drawString(rand, 13 * i, 16); 
	        return randomString; 
	    } 
	 
	    /*
	     * 绘制干扰线
	     */ 
	    private void drowLine(Graphics g) { 
	        int x = random.nextInt(width); 
	        int y = random.nextInt(height); 
	        int xl = random.nextInt(13); 
	        int yl = random.nextInt(15); 
	        g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl); 
	    } 
	 
	    /*
	     * 获取随机的字符
	     */ 
	    public String getRandomString(int num) { 
	        return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num)); 
	    } 
	}

Controller.java:

package com.dw.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/validateCode")
public class YanZhengMaController {
	 @RequestMapping("/getVerify")
	    public void getVerify(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
	        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片  
	        response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息，告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容  
	        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); 
	        response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0); 
	        RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode(); 
	        try { 
	            randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出验证码图片方法  
	        } catch (Exception e) { 
	            e.printStackTrace(); 
	        } 
	    } 

	    /**
	     * 登录页面校验验证码
	     */
	    @RequestMapping("/checkVerify")
	    @ResponseBody
	    public String checkVerify(String inputStr, HttpSession session){
	        //从session中获取随机数
	        String random = (String) session.getAttribute("RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY");
	        if(random.equals(inputStr)){
	            return "T";//验证码正确
	        }else{
	            return "F";//验证码错误
	        }
	    }
	    
	    /*
	     * 口令、口令+验证码加密
	     */
	    @RequestMapping("/jiami")
	    @ResponseBody	    
	    public String jiaMi(String inputStr, HttpSession session){
	    	EncryptionByMD5 md5 = new EncryptionByMD5();
	    	String jiami = md5.getMD5(inputStr.getBytes());
	    	return jiami;
	    }
	    
	    /*
	     * 验证成功输出界面
	     */
	    @SuppressWarnings("static-access")
		@RequestMapping("/checkOk")
	    public String checkOk(HttpServletRequest request,HttpSession session) {
	    	String password = request.getParameter("password");
	    	String username = request.getParameter("username");
	    	String user = "admin";
	    	//pwd = abc123 + 验证码
	    	String pwd = "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03" + (String) session.getAttribute("RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY");
	    	EncryptionByMD5 encryptionByMD5 = new EncryptionByMD5();
	    	pwd = encryptionByMD5.getMD5(pwd.getBytes());
//	    	System.out.println("pwd:"+pwd);
//	    	System.out.println("password:"+password);
	    	if(!user.equals(username) || !pwd.equals(password)){
	    		return "redirect:error.jsp";
	    	}
			return "redirect:ok.jsp";
		}
}

jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆页面</title>
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"/>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
    <script language="javascript" src="js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script>
    
    <script type="text/javascript">
      $(document.body).ready(function () {
    //首次获取验证码
    $("#imgVerify").attr("src","/SpringMVC01/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random());
      });


//获取验证码
function getVerify(obj,str){
    obj.src = str+"/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random();
}
//验证码出错- 刷新验证码
function getVerify2(str){
 $("#imgVerify").attr("src",str+"/validateCode/getVerify.do?"+Math.random());
}

//校验验证码
function checkSum(str){
    var inputStr = $(".check_input").val();
    if(inputStr!=null && inputStr!=""){
        inputStr = inputStr.toUpperCase();//将输入的字母全部转换成大写
        $.ajax({
            url : str+"/validateCode/checkVerify.do",
            data: {inputStr:inputStr},
            success : function(datas) {
                if(datas == "T"){
                    //$("#form1").submit();//提交表单
                    jiami(str);
                }else{
                    getVerify2(str); //出错时更换验证码
                    $(".check_input").val("");
                    $(".warn_text").text("验证码输入错误！");
                    $(".login_form_warn").css("display","block");
                }
            }
        });
    }else{
        getVerify2(str); //出错时更换验证码
        $(".warn_text").text("请输入验证码");
        $(".login_form_warn").css("display","block");
    }
}


    function jiami(str){
      var pwd = document.getElementById("password").value;
      var inputStr = $(".check_input").val().toUpperCase();
      $.ajax({
        url:str+"/validateCode/jiami.do",
        data: {inputStr:pwd},
        success:function(datas){
          //$("#form1").submit();//提交表单
          var klAndYzm = datas + inputStr;
          $.ajax({
           url:str+"/validateCode/jiami.do",
           data: {inputStr:klAndYzm},
           success:function(datas){
            document.getElementById("password").value = datas;
            $("#form1").submit();//提交表单
           }
          });
          
        }
      });
      
    }
    
    </script>
    
</head>
<body>
<div class="login_form">
                    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/validateCode/checkOk.do" method='post' id="form1">
                            <input type="text" name="username" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                            <input type="password" name="password" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码">
                    </form>
                    <input class="check_input" type="text"  placeholder="请输入验证码" >
                    <img id="imgVerify" src="" alt="点击更换验证码" width="112" height="36" οnclick="getVerify(this,'${pageContext.request.contextPath}');"><!--首次获取验证码图片，也可在此将src设为访问路径/getVerify-->
                    <div class="login_form_warn_lable"></div>
                    <div class="login_form_warn">
                          <div style="font-size: 10px;color: red;">  <span class="warn_text"></span> </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="login_form_submit">
                            <input class="btn_submit" οnclick="checkSum('${pageContext.request.contextPath}');" type="submit" value="登录"/>
                    </div>
                </div>
</body>
</html>

效果：