- Toast和Dialog不同，它的工作过程就稍显复杂。首先Toast也是基于Window来实现的，但是由于Toast具有定时取消这一功能，所以系统采用了Handler。在Toast的内部有两类IPC过程，第一类是Toast访问NotificationManagerService，第二类是Notification-ManagerService回调Toast里的TN接口。
- Toast属于系统Window，它内部的视图由两种方式指定，一种是系统默认的样式，另一种是通过setView方法来指定一个自定义View，不管如何，它们都对应Toast的一个View类型的内部成员mNextView。Toast提供了show和cancel分别用于显示和隐藏Toast，它们的内部是一个IPC过程，show方法和cancel方法的实现如下：
public void show() {
if (mNextView == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
}
INotificationManager service = getService();
String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
TN tn = mTN;
tn.mNextView = mNextView;
try {
service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// Empty
}
}
从上面的代码可以看到，显示需要通过NMS来实现，由于NMS运行在系统的进程中，所以只能通过远程调用的方式来显示和隐藏Toast。需要注意的是TN这个类，它是一个Binder类，在Toast和NMS进行IPC的过程中，当NMS处理Toast的显示或隐藏请求时会跨进程回调TN中的方法，这个时候由于TN运行在Binder线程池中，所以需要通过Handler将其切换到当前线程中。这里的当前线程是指发送Toast请求所在的线程。注意，由于这里使用了Handler，所以这意味着Toast无法在没有Looper的线程中弹出，这是因为Handler需要使用Looper才能完成切换线程的功能
- getService
static private INotificationManager getService() {
if (sService != null) {
return sService;
}
sService = INotificationManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("notification"));
return sService;
}
接下来看看cancel方法
public void cancel() {
mTN.cancel();
}
public void cancel() {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "CANCEL: " + this);
mHandler.obtainMessage(CANCEL).sendToTarget();
}
最终发送的Handler消息，看一下消息的内容
case CANCEL: {
handleHide();
// Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
// handleShow()
mNextView = null;
try {
getService().cancelToast(mPackageName, TN.this);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
break;
}
同样是也需要NMS来取消操作
- Toast显示过程调用了service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);方法，第一个参数标识的应用包名，第二个参数标识TN远程回调，第三个参数标识时长。 enqueueToast首先将Toast请求封装为ToastRecord对象并将其添加到一个名为mToastQueue的队列中。mToastQueue其实是一个ArrayList。对于非系统应用来说，mToastQueue中最多能同时存在50个ToastRecord，这样做是为了防止DOS（Denial of Service）。如果不这么做，试想一下，如果我们通过大量的循环去连续弹出Toast，这将会导致其他应用没有机会弹出Toast，那么对于其他应用的Toast请求，系统的行为就是拒绝服务，这就是拒绝服务攻击的含义，这种手段常用于网络攻击中。
if (!isSystemToast) {
int count = 0;
final int N = mToastQueue.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ToastRecord r = mToastQueue.get(i);
if (r.pkg.equals(pkg)) {
count++;
if (count => MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS) {
Slog.e(TAG,"Package has already posted " + count
+ " toasts. Not showing more. Package=" + pkg);
return;
}
}
}
}
ToastRecord被添加到mToastQueue中后，NMS就会通过showNextToastLocked方法来显示当前的Toast。下面的代码很好理解，需要注意的是，Toast的显示是由ToastRecord的callback来完成的，这个callback实际上就是Toast中的TN对象的远程Binder，通过callback来访问TN中的方法是需要跨进程来完成的，最终被调用的TN中的方法会运行在发起Toast请求的应用的Binder线程池中。
@Override
public void enqueueToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback, int duration)
{
if (DBG) {
Slog.i(TAG, "enqueueToast pkg=" + pkg + " callback=" + callback
+ " duration=" + duration);
}
if (pkg == null || callback == null) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Not doing toast. pkg=" + pkg + " callback=" + callback);
return ;
}
final boolean isSystemToast = isCallerSystemOrPhone() || ("android".equals(pkg));
final boolean isPackageSuspended =
isPackageSuspendedForUser(pkg, Binder.getCallingUid());
if (ENABLE_BLOCKED_TOASTS && !isSystemToast &&
(!areNotificationsEnabledForPackage(pkg, Binder.getCallingUid())
|| isPackageSuspended)) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Suppressing toast from package " + pkg
+ (isPackageSuspended
? " due to package suspended by administrator."
: " by user request."));
return;
}
synchronized (mToastQueue) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
long callingId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
try {
ToastRecord record;
int index;
// All packages aside from the android package can enqueue one toast at a time
if (!isSystemToast) {
index = indexOfToastPackageLocked(pkg);
} else {
index = indexOfToastLocked(pkg, callback);
}
// If the package already has a toast, we update its toast
// in the queue, we don't move it to the end of the queue.
if (index >= 0) {
record = mToastQueue.get(index);
record.update(duration);
record.update(callback);
} else {
Binder token = new Binder();
mWindowManagerInternal.addWindowToken(token, TYPE_TOAST, DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
record = new ToastRecord(callingPid, pkg, callback, duration, token);
mToastQueue.add(record);
index = mToastQueue.size() - 1;
}
keepProcessAliveIfNeededLocked(callingPid);
// If it's at index 0, it's the current toast. It doesn't matter if it's
// new or just been updated. Call back and tell it to show itself.
// If the callback fails, this will remove it from the list, so don't
// assume that it's valid after this.
if (index == 0) {
showNextToastLocked();
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(callingId);
}
}
}
Toast显示以后，NMS还会通过scheduleTimeoutLocked方法来发送一个延时消息，具体的延时取决于Toast的时长，如下所示。
@GuardedBy("mToastQueue")
private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r)
{
mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r);
Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r);
long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY;
mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay);
}
在上面的代码中，LONG_DELAY是3.5s，而SHORT_DELAY是2s。延迟相应的时间后，NMS会通过cancelToastLocked方法来隐藏Toast并将其从mToastQueue中移除，这个时候如果mToastQueue中还有其他Toast，那么NMS就继续显示其他Toast
Toast的隐藏也是通过ToastRecord的callback来完成的，这同样也是一次IPC过程，它的工作方式和Toast的显示过程是类似的
try {
record.callback.hide();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Object died trying to hide notification " + record.callback
+ " in package " + record.pkg);
// don't worry about this,we're about to remove it from
// the list anyway
}
通过上面的分析，大家知道Toast的显示和影响过程实际上是通过Toast中的TN这个类来实现的，它有两个方法show和hide，分别对应Toast的显示和隐藏。由于这两个方法是被NMS以跨进程的方式调用的，因此它们运行在Binder线程池中。为了将执行环境切换到Toast请求所在的线程，在它们的内部使用了Handler
@Override
public void show() {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG,"SHOW: " + this);
mHandler.post(mShow);
}
/**
* schedule handleHide into the right thread
*/
@Override
public void hide() {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG,"HIDE: " + this);
mHandler.post(mHide);
}
mShow和mHide是两个Runnable，它们内部分别调用了handleShow和handleHide方法。由此可见，handleShow和handleHide才是真正完成显示和隐藏Toast的地方。TN的handleShow中会将Toast的视图添加到Window中
mHandler = new Handler(looper, null) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SHOW: {
IBinder token = (IBinder) msg.obj;
handleShow(token);
break;
}
case HIDE: {
handleHide();
// Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
// handleShow()
mNextView = null;
break;
}
case CANCEL: {
handleHide();
// Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by
// handleShow()
mNextView = null;
try {
getService().cancelToast(mPackageName, TN.this);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
break;
}
}
}
};
}
handleShow方法
public void handleShow(IBinder windowToken) {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView
+ " mNextView=" + mNextView);
// If a cancel/hide is pending - no need to show - at this point
// the window token is already invalid and no need to do any work.
if (mHandler.hasMessages(CANCEL) || mHandler.hasMessages(HIDE)) {
return;
}
if (mView != mNextView) {
// remove the old view if necessary
handleHide();
mView = mNextView;
Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();
String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName();
if (context == null) {
context = mView.getContext();
}
//获取WindowManager
mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
// We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting
// the layout direction
final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();
final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());
mParams.gravity = gravity;
if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {
mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;
}
if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {
mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;
}
mParams.x = mX;
mParams.y = mY;
mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;
mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;
mParams.packageName = packageName;
mParams.hideTimeoutMilliseconds = mDuration ==
Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DURATION_TIMEOUT : SHORT_DURATION_TIMEOUT;
mParams.token = windowToken;
if (mView.getParent() != null) {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
mWM.removeView(mView);
}
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);
// Since the notification manager service cancels the token right
// after it notifies us to cancel the toast there is an inherent
// race and we may attempt to add a window after the token has been
// invalidated. Let us hedge against that.
try {
//view添加到window中
mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
trySendAccessibilityEvent();
} catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) {
/* ignore */
}
}
}
HandleHide会移除View
public void handleHide() {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);
if (mView != null) {
// note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has
// been added... i have seen cases where we get here when
// the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.
if (mView.getParent() != null) {
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
mWM.removeViewImmediate(mView);
}
mView = null;
}
}
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