Struts1x项目开发中的统一异常处理

在项目开发中如果能使用统一异常处理的话，则不但可以简化开发过程，而且还更容易团队的开发与合作，事半功倍。以下通过使用struts1X 结合实现一个项目的统一异常处理解决方案的例子：

第一步：
配置好Struts整合web。

第二步：
编写统一异常类：SystemException.java
Java代码
package com.changtu.oa.managers;
/**
* 统一异常类
* 用于存储异常信息，供抛出
* @author Mike
*/
public class SystemException extends RuntimeException {
//异常代码
private String key;
private Object[] values;
// 构造器重载
public SystemException() {
super();
}
public SystemException(String message, Throwable throwable) {
super(message, throwable);
}
public SystemException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public SystemException(Throwable throwable) {
super(throwable);
}
public SystemException(String message,String key){
super(message);
this.key = key;
}
public SystemException(String message,String key,Object value){
super(message);
this.key = key;
this.values = new Object[]{value};
}
public SystemException(String message,String key,Object[] values){
super(message);
this.key = key;
this.values = values;
}
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public Object[] getValues() {
return values;
}
}

package com.changtu.oa.managers;
/**
* 统一异常类
* 用于存储异常信息，供抛出
* @author Mike
*/
public class SystemException extends RuntimeException {
//异常代码
private String key;
private Object[] values;
// 构造器重载
public SystemException() {
super();
}
public SystemException(String message, Throwable throwable) {
super(message, throwable);
}
public SystemException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public SystemException(Throwable throwable) {
super(throwable);
}
public SystemException(String message,String key){
super(message);
this.key = key;
}
public SystemException(String message,String key,Object value){
super(message);
this.key = key;
this.values = new Object[]{value};
}
public SystemException(String message,String key,Object[] values){
super(message);
this.key = key;
this.values = values;
}
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public Object[] getValues() {
return values;
}
}


编写统一异常处理类：SystemExceptionHandler.java
Java代码
package com.changtu.oa.web;
…
import com.changtu.oa.managers.SystemException;

/**
* 统一异常处理类
* @author Mike
*/
public class SystemExceptionHandler extends ExceptionHandler {
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SystemExceptionHandler.class);
/**
* 处理SystemException异常
*/
@Override
public ActionForward execute(
Exception ex,
ExceptionConfig ae,
ActionMapping mapping,
ActionForm formInstance,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException {

ActionForward forward = null;
if(ae.getPath() != null){
forward = new ActionForward(ae.getPath());
}else{
forward = mapping.getInputForward();
}

logger.debug("出现异常", ex);

// 在控制台显示的异常信息
ex.printStackTrace();

// 如果抛出的异常是自定义的统一异常
if(ex instanceof SystemException){
SystemException se = (SystemException)ex;

//取出key值
String key = se.getKey();

// 储存异常信息......
ActionMessage error = null;
if( key == null){
error = new ActionMessage(ae.getKey(),se.getMessage());
}else{
if(se.getValues() != null){
error = new ActionMessage(key,se.getValues());
}else{
error = new ActionMessage(key);
}
}

this.storeException(request, key, error, forward, ae.getScope());

return forward;
}

return super.execute(ex, ae, mapping, formInstance, request, response);
}

}

package com.changtu.oa.web;
…
import com.changtu.oa.managers.SystemException;

/**
* 统一异常处理类
* @author Mike
*/
public class SystemExceptionHandler extends ExceptionHandler {
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SystemExceptionHandler.class);
/**
* 处理SystemException异常
*/
@Override
public ActionForward execute(
Exception ex,
ExceptionConfig ae,
ActionMapping mapping,
ActionForm formInstance,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException {

ActionForward forward = null;
if(ae.getPath() != null){
forward = new ActionForward(ae.getPath());
}else{
forward = mapping.getInputForward();
}

logger.debug("出现异常", ex);

// 在控制台显示的异常信息
ex.printStackTrace();

// 如果抛出的异常是自定义的统一异常
if(ex instanceof SystemException){
SystemException se = (SystemException)ex;

//取出key值
String key = se.getKey();

// 储存异常信息......
ActionMessage error = null;
if( key == null){
error = new ActionMessage(ae.getKey(),se.getMessage());
}else{
if(se.getValues() != null){
error = new ActionMessage(key,se.getValues());
}else{
error = new ActionMessage(key);
}
}

this.storeException(request, key, error, forward, ae.getScope());

return forward;
}

return super.execute(ex, ae, mapping, formInstance, request, response);
}

}


第三步：
编写struts配置文件：
1、在src目录下新建文件名为：MessageResources.properties 资源文件，内容如下：
errors.detail={0}
2、struts-config.xml配置文件信息如下：
Java代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>

<!-- 统一异常处理 -->
<global-exceptions >
<exception
key="errors.detail"
type="java.lang.Exception"
path="/common/exception.jsp"
scope="request"
handler="com.changtu.oa.web.SystemExceptionHandler"
></exception>
</global-exceptions>

<action-mappings>


</action-mappings>
<!-- 加载国际化资源文件 -->
<message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />
</struts-config>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>

<!-- 统一异常处理 -->
<global-exceptions >
<exception
key="errors.detail"
type="java.lang.Exception"
path="/common/exception.jsp"
scope="request"
handler="com.changtu.oa.web.SystemExceptionHandler"
></exception>
</global-exceptions>

<action-mappings>


</action-mappings>
<!-- 加载国际化资源文件 -->
<message-resources parameter="MessageResources" />
</struts-config>


第四步：编写业务逻辑：UserManager.java UserManagerImple.java
UserManagerImpl.java
Java代码
package com.changtu.oa.managers.impl;
//...

public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {

// 登陆
public User login(String username, String password) {

/**
* 因为设置了User的auto-import="false"，所以，在这里使用
* HQL查询的时候，必须使用全路径的类名
*/
User user = (User)getSession().createQuery(
"select u from com.changtu.oa.model.User u where u.username = ?")
.setParameter(0, username)
.uniqueResult();

if(user == null){
throw new SystemException("没有这个用户");
}

if(!user.getPassword().equals(password)){
throw new SystemException("密码错误！");
}

return user;
}
}


package com.changtu.oa.managers.impl;
//...

public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {

// 登陆
public User login(String username, String password) {

/**
* 因为设置了User的auto-import="false"，所以，在这里使用
* HQL查询的时候，必须使用全路径的类名
*/
User user = (User)getSession().createQuery(
"select u from com.changtu.oa.model.User u where u.username = ?")
.setParameter(0, username)
.uniqueResult();

if(user == null){
throw new SystemException("没有这个用户");
}

if(!user.getPassword().equals(password)){
throw new SystemException("密码错误！");
}

return user;
}
}



第五步：异常页面 exception.jsp
Java代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@include file="/common/common.jsp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<html:errors/>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@include file="/common/common.jsp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<html:errors/>
</body>
</html>


第六步：编写自己的Action进行测试。在Action中出自定义的异常时，struts会自动根据你的配置跳转到异常界面，显示异常信息。(其中有不完整的，需自己补充)