python基于matplotlib绘制线图

Matplotlib是一个Python工具箱，用于科学计算的数据可视化。借助它，Python可以绘制如Matlab和Octave多种多样的数据图形。

Matplotlib的安装方法

windows 平台上下载.exe格式 直接安装。
1.python下载安装 下载地址：http://www.python.org/download/。
2.安装你所需要版本(这个要根据步骤1的python版本)的Matplotlib，下载地址：http://matplotlib.org/downloads.html。
下面安装Matplotlib 依赖的库
3.对于标准版的Python来说，要使用Matplotlib,还需要安装numpy模块，其下载地址为：http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/。
4.msvcp71.dll, 在某些系统上，你可能还需要下载msvcp71.dll库。下载地址：http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/dll-files.shtml?msvcp71，下载解压后把它拖到c:\windows\system32目录中

matplotlib绘制折线图

line chart 三角函数

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 10* np.pi, 500)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x, y1)
plt.plot(x, y2)
plt.title('line chart')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()

line chart中指定label，然后调用legend方法绘制图例

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 5 * np.pi, 100)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x, y1, label='y = sin(x)')
plt.plot(x, y2, label='y = cos(x)')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

legend方法可接受一个loc关键字参数来设定图例的位置，可取值为数字或字符串：
     0: ‘best'
     1: ‘upper right'
     2: ‘upper left'
     3: ‘lower left'
     4: ‘lower right'
     5: ‘right'
     6: ‘center left'
     7: ‘center right'
     8: ‘lower center'
     9: ‘upper center'
     10: ‘center'

线的样式

（1）颜色
plot方法的关键字参数color(或c)用来设置线的颜色。可取值为：
颜色名称或简写
     b: blue
     g: green
     r: red
     c: cyan
     m: magenta
     y: yellow
     k: black
     w: white
#rrggbb
(r, g, b) 或 (r, g, b, a)，其中 r g b a 取均为[0, 1]之间
[0, 1]之间的浮点数的字符串形式，表示灰度值。0表示黑色，1表示白色
（2）样式
plot方法的关键字参数linestyle(或ls)用来设置线的样式。可取值为：
•-, solid
•--, dashed
•-., dashdot
•:, dotted
•'', ' ', None
（3）粗细
plot方法的关键字参数linewidth(或lw)可以改变线的粗细，其值为浮点数

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(0, 5* np.pi, 500)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)
plt.plot(x, y1)
plt.plot(x, y2)
plt.title('line chart')

plt.plot(x, y1, c='r', ls='--', lw=3)
plt.plot(x, y2, c='#526922', ls='-.')
plt.show()

 marker

以下关键字参数可以用来设置marker的样式：
•marker
•markeredgecolor 或 mec
•markeredgewidth 或 mew
•markerfacecolor 或 mfc
•markerfacecoloralt 或 mfcalt
•markersize 或 ms
其中marker可取值为：
•'.': point marker
•',': pixel marker
•'o': circle marker
•'v': triangle_down marker
•'^': triangle_up marker
•'<': triangle_left marker
•'>': triangle_right marker
•'1': tri_down marker
•'2': tri_up marker
•'3': tri_left marker
•'4': tri_right marker
•'s': square marker
•'p': pentagon marker
•'*': star marker
•'h': hexagon1 marker
•'H': hexagon2 marker
•'+': plus marker
•'x': x marker
•'D': diamond marker
•'d': thin_diamond marker
•'|': vline marker
•'_': hline marker

示例：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

 

x = np.linspace(0, 6 * np.pi, 100)
y1, y2 = np.sin(x), np.cos(x)

plt.plot(x, y1, marker='o', mec='r', mfc='w')
plt.plot(x, y2, marker='*', ms=10)
plt.show()

The kwargs are Line2D properties：

 

 

Property	Description
agg_filter	unknown
alpha	float (0.0 transparent through 1.0 opaque)
animated	[True | False]
antialiased or aa	[True | False]
axes	an Axes instance
clip_box	a matplotlib.transforms.Bbox instance
clip_on	[True | False]
clip_path	[ (Path, Transform) | Patch | None ]
color or c	any matplotlib color
contains	a callable function
dash_capstyle	[‘butt’ | ‘round’ | ‘projecting’]
dash_joinstyle	[‘miter’ | ‘round’ | ‘bevel’]
dashes	sequence of on/off ink in points
drawstyle	[‘default’ | ‘steps’ | ‘steps-pre’ | ‘steps-mid’ | ‘steps-post’]
figure	a matplotlib.figure.Figure instance
fillstyle	[‘full’ | ‘left’ | ‘right’ | ‘bottom’ | ‘top’ | ‘none’]
gid	an id string
label	string or anything printable with ‘%s’ conversion.
linestyle or ls	['-' | '--' | '-.' | ':' | 'None' | ' ' | '']
linewidth or lw	float value in points
lod	[True | False]
marker	A valid marker style
markeredgecolor or mec	any matplotlib color
markeredgewidth or mew	float value in points
markerfacecolor or mfc	any matplotlib color
markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt	any matplotlib color
markersize or ms	float
markevery	[None | int | length-2 tuple of int | slice | list/array of int | float | length-2 tuple of float]
path_effects	unknown
picker	float distance in points or callable pick function fn(artist, event)
pickradius	float distance in points
rasterized	[True | False | None]
sketch_params	unknown
snap	unknown
solid_capstyle	[‘butt’ | ‘round’ | ‘projecting’]
solid_joinstyle	[‘miter’ | ‘round’ | ‘bevel’]
transform	a matplotlib.transforms.Transform instance
url	a url string
visible	[True | False]
xdata	1D array
ydata	1D array
zorder	any number