动机
在软件系统中,经常有这样一些特殊的类,必须保证它们
在系统中只存在一个实例,才能确保它们的逻辑 确性、
以及良好的效率 .
应用举例:
单线程Singleton 模式实现
public
class
Singleton
... {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton()//使用私有构造器防止在外部被new构造实例
...{
}
public static Singleton Instance
...{
get
...{
if (instance == null) //对于多线程当两个线程同时到达这句之后
...{
instance = new Singleton(); //这句之前时。就会执行newSingleton两次
}
return instance;
}
}
}
... {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton()//使用私有构造器防止在外部被new构造实例
...{
}
public static Singleton Instance
...{
get
...{
if (instance == null) //对于多线程当两个线程同时到达这句之后
...{
instance = new Singleton(); //这句之前时。就会执行newSingleton两次
}
return instance;
}
}
}
当多线程调用这个类时,在运行到if(instance==null) 与instance=new Singleton()之间时,可能会出现多个new..对此进行改进适应多线程调用。。
public
class
Singleton_Mun
... {
private static volatile Singleton_Mun instance;
private static object obj = new object();
private Singleton_Mun()
...{
}
public static Singleton_Mun Instance
...{
get
...{
if (instance == null)
...{
lock (obj)//上锁 保证只有一个线程进来
...{
if (instance == null)
...{
instance = new Singleton_Mun();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}
... {
private static volatile Singleton_Mun instance;
private static object obj = new object();
private Singleton_Mun()
...{
}
public static Singleton_Mun Instance
...{
get
...{
if (instance == null)
...{
lock (obj)//上锁 保证只有一个线程进来
...{
if (instance == null)
...{
instance = new Singleton_Mun();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}
利用c#语言特有的机制可以简化上面的代码:但是下面代码不支持参数的传递。因为静态构造函数不能传送参数。
public
class
Singleton2
... {
public static readonly Singleton2 instance = new Singleton2();
private Singleton2()
...{
}
}
public class Singleton3
... {
public static readonly Singleton3 instance;
static Singleton3()
...{
instance = new Singleton3();
}
private Singleton3()
...{
}
}
这两段代码等效
... {
public static readonly Singleton2 instance = new Singleton2();
private Singleton2()
...{
}
}
public class Singleton3
... {
public static readonly Singleton3 instance;
static Singleton3()
...{
instance = new Singleton3();
}
private Singleton3()
...{
}
}
这两段代码等效