1。 静态初始化
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在此实现中,将在第一次引用类的任何成员时创建实例。该类标记为 sealed 以阻止发生继承,以免增加实例(如果继承不当)。此外,instance变量标记为 readonly,这意味着只能在静态初始化期间或在构造函数中分配变量。
该实现依赖CLR来初始化变量,public static属性为访问实例提供了一个全局访问点。此外,由于构造函数是私有的,这也是Singleton 的一般情形。由于 Singleton 实例被私有静态成员变量引用,因此在类首次被对 Instance 属性的调用所引用之前,不会发生实例化。因此该解决方案实现了懒实例化属性的一种形式。
2。多线程 Singleton
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该实现使用 Double-Check Locking 技术来阻止不同的线程同时创建 singleton 的新实例。变量被声明为 volatile,以确保只有在实例变量分配完成后才能访问实例变量。此方法使用 syncRoot 实例来进行锁定(而不是锁定类型本身),以避免发生死锁。
此方法解决了线程并发问题,同时避免在每个 Instance 属性方法的调用中都出现独占锁定。它还允许您将实例化延迟到第一次访问对象时发生。
Double-Check Locking 也可以用mutex实现
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本文部分内容来自http://www.microsoft.com/china/MSDN/library/architecture/patterns/esp/ImpSingletonInCsharp.mspx