import pandas as pd
df_dict = {
'a': ['a1','a2','a3'],
'c': [['c1','c2'], ['c2','c3','c4'],['c2','c3']]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(df_dict)
new_df = df.explode('c')
new_df['val']=1
pivot_df = new_df.pivot_table(columns='a', index='c',values='val', fill_value=0)
print(pivot_df.reset_index())
效果: