Spring基于XML的DI之设值注入

Spring基于XML的DI之设值注入

什么是注入

Bean实例在调用无参构造器创建了空值对象后，就要对Bean对象的属性进行初始化。初始化是由容器自动完成的，称为注入

注入分类

根据注入方式的不同，常用的有两类：设置注入、构造注入；还有一种是实现特定接口注入，由于这种注入方式采用了入侵编程，污染了代码，所以几乎不用。

设值注入

设值注入是指，通过setter方法传入被调用者的实例。这种注入方法简单、直观，因而在Spring的依赖注入中大量使用。

栗子

Student.java

package com.hk.spring.di01;

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private int age;
    private School school;//域属性
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setSchool(School school) {
        this.school = school;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", school=" + school
                + "]";
    }


}

School.java

package com.hk.spring.di01;

public class School {

    private String schloolName;

    public void setSchloolName(String schloolName) {
        this.schloolName = schloolName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "School [schloolName=" + schloolName + "]";
    }

}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="mySchool" class="com.hk.spring.di01.School">
        <property name="schloolName" value="红林小学"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="myStudent" class="com.hk.spring.di01.Student">
        <!-- 设值注入，为对象初始化 ，底层调用了bean的set方法-->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
        <property name="age" value="9"/>
        <!-- 为域属性赋值，引用赋值-->
        <property name="school" ref="mySchool"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类

package com.hk.spring.di01;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Mytest {
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        String resource = "com/hk/spring/di01/applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
        Student stu = (Student) ac.getBean("myStudent");
        System.out.println(stu);

    }
}

结果

Student [name=张三, age=9, school=School [schloolName=红林小学]]