一、CMD文件详解
为了方便之后对CMD文件的修改,先大致了解和学习一下CMD文件。
1、两个伪指令
MEMORY和SECTIONS
MEMORY 指令:主要用来建立目标存储器的模型 ,规定各种类型的存储器的容量
SECTIONS指令:根据这个模型来安排各个段的位置,给段分配相应的存储器
1)MEMORY指令相关
MEMORY
{
PAGE 0: /* Program Memory */
/* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE1 for data allocation */
ZONE0 : origin = 0x004000, length = 0x001000 /* XINTF zone 0 */
RAML0 : origin = 0x008000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L0 */
RAML1 : origin = 0x009000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
RAML2 : origin = 0x00A000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L2 */
RAML3 : origin = 0x00B000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L3 */
ZONE6 : origin = 0x0100000, length = 0x100000 /* XINTF zone 6 */
ZONE7A : origin = 0x0200000, length = 0x00FC00 /* XINTF zone 7 - program space */
FLASHH : origin = 0x300000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHG : origin = 0x308000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHF : origin = 0x310000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHE : origin = 0x318000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHD : origin = 0x320000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHC : origin = 0x328000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
FLASHA : origin = 0x338000, length = 0x007F80 /* on-chip FLASH */
CSM_RSVD : origin = 0x33FF80, length = 0x000076 /* Part of FLASHA. Program with all 0x0000 when CSM is in use. */
BEGIN : origin = 0x33FFF6, length = 0x000002 /* Part of FLASHA. Used for "boot to Flash" bootloader mode. */
CSM_PWL : origin = 0x33FFF8, length = 0x000008 /* Part of FLASHA. CSM password locations in FLASHA */
OTP : origin = 0x380400, length = 0x000400 /* on-chip OTP */
ADC_CAL : origin = 0x380080, length = 0x000009 /* ADC_cal function in Reserved memory */
IQTABLES : origin = 0x3FE000, length = 0x000b50 /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
IQTABLES2 : origin = 0x3FEB50, length = 0x00008c /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
FPUTABLES : origin = 0x3FEBDC, length = 0x0006A0 /* FPU Tables in Boot ROM */
ROM : origin = 0x3FF27C, length = 0x000D44 /* Boot ROM */
RESET : origin = 0x3FFFC0, length = 0x000002 /* part of boot ROM */
VECTORS : origin = 0x3FFFC2, length = 0x00003E /* part of boot ROM */
PAGE 1 : /* Data Memory */
/* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE0 for program allocation */
/* Registers remain on PAGE1 */
BOOT_RSVD : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000050 /* Part of M0, BOOT rom will use this for stack */
RAMM0 : origin = 0x000050, length = 0x0003B0 /* on-chip RAM block M0 */
RAMM1 : origin = 0x000400, length = 0x000400 /* on-chip RAM block M1 */
RAML4 : origin = 0x00C000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
RAML5 : origin = 0x00D000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
RAML6 : origin = 0x00E000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
RAML7 : origin = 0x00F000, length = 0x001000 /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
ZONE7B : origin = 0x20FC00, length = 0x000400 /* XINTF zone 7 - data space */
FLASHB : origin = 0x330000, length = 0x008000 /* on-chip FLASH */
}
PAGE 0 will be used to organize program sections
PAGE 1 will be used to organize data sections
CSM_RSVD :Code Security Module_reserved 代码安全模块,不能放程序代码或者数据块,必须初始化为0X0000
BEGIN :程序启动的开始地址
CSM_PWL : password locations 存放密码的地方
2)SECTIONS指令相关
SECTIONS
{
/* Allocate program areas: */
/* The Flash API functions can be grouped together as shown below.
The defined symbols _Flash28_API_LoadStart, _Flash28_API_LoadEnd
and _Flash28_API_RunStart are used to copy the API functions out
of flash memory and into SARAM */
.cinit : > FLASHA PAGE = 0
.pinit : > FLASHA, PAGE = 0
.text : > FLASHA PAGE = 0
codestart : > BEGIN PAGE = 0
ramfuncs : LOAD = FLASHA,
RUN = RAML0,
LOAD_START(_RamfuncsLoadStart),
LOAD_END(_RamfuncsLoadEnd),
RUN_START(_RamfuncsRunStart),
PAGE = 0
csmpasswds : > CSM_PWL PAGE = 0
csm_rsvd : > CSM_RSVD PAGE = 0
/* Allocate uninitalized data sections: */
.stack : > RAMM1 PAGE = 1
.ebss : > RAML4 PAGE = 1
.esysmem : > RAMM1 PAGE = 1
/* Initalized sections go in Flash */
/* For SDFlash to program these, they must be allocated to page 0 */
.econst : > FLASHA PAGE = 0
.switch : > FLASHA PAGE = 0
/* Allocate IQ math areas: */
IQmath : > FLASHC PAGE = 0 /* Math Code */
IQmathTables : > IQTABLES, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD
IQmathTables2 : > IQTABLES2, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD
FPUmathTables : > FPUTABLES, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD
/* Allocate DMA-accessible RAM sections: */
DMARAML4 : > RAML4, PAGE = 1
DMARAML5 : > RAML5, PAGE = 1
DMARAML6 : > RAML6, PAGE = 1
DMARAML7 : > RAML7, PAGE = 1
/* Allocate 0x400 of XINTF Zone 7 to storing data */
ZONE7DATA : > ZONE7B, PAGE = 1
/* .reset is a standard section used by the compiler. It contains the */
/* the address of the start of _c_int00 for C Code. /*
/* When using the boot ROM this section and the CPU vector */
/* table is not needed. Thus the default type is set here to */
/* DSECT */
.reset : > RESET, PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT
vectors : > VECTORS PAGE = 0, TYPE = DSECT
/* Allocate ADC_cal function (pre-programmed by factory into reserved memory) */
.adc_cal : load = ADC_CAL, PAGE = 0, TYPE = NOLOAD
}
C语言生成的段可以分为已初始的段和未初始的段。
已初始的段:真实的指令和数据,存放在程序存储空间 page0
-
.text 编译C语言中的语句时,生成的汇编指令代码存放于此
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.cinit 存放用来对全局和静态变量初始化的常数
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.const 包含字符串常量和全局变量、静态变量(由const声明)的初始化及说明
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.econst 包含字符串常量和全局变量静态变量(由far const声明)的初始化及说明
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.pinit 全局构造器程序列表
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.switch 存放switch语句产生的常数表格
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#pragma CODE_SECTION 将程序从Flash搬运到RAM中运行,从而提高工作效率
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codestart 代码启动
未初始的段:保留变量的地址空间,存放在数据存储空间 page1
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.bss 未初始化的变量预留空间,程序引导过程中,C引导程序会将ROM中的.cint块中的数据复制到.bss块中
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.ebss 用for声明的或大存储器模式下的全局和静态变量保留空间
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.stack C系统的堆栈分配的空间,函数调用时传递参数以及局部变量分配空间
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.sysmem 动态存储器分配保留空间,如果未用到malloc函数,则该块空间为0
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#pragma DATA_SECTION 将变量存放到某个特定的位置
二、CODE_SECTION指令使用
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利用#pragma CODE_SECTION指令将变量关联到SECTIONS"ramfuncs’’
#pragma CODE_SECTION(Example,"ramfuncs");
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为链接创建相关变量
extern Uint16 RamfuncsLoadStart; extern Uint16 RamfuncsLoadEnd; extern Uint16 RamfuncsRunStart;
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复制时间关键代码以及FLASH设置代码到RAM
Example_MemCopy(&RamfuncsLoadStart, &RamfuncsLoadEnd, &RamfuncsRunStart);
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修改CMD文件使得 映射到指定的地址空间
ramfuncs : LOAD = FLASHA, RUN = RAML0, LOAD_START(_RamfuncsLoadStart), LOAD_END(_RamfuncsLoadEnd), RUN_START(_RamfuncsRunStart), PAGE = 0 或者使用组合 Flash28_API: { -lFlash28335_API_V210.lib(.econst) -lFlash28335_API_V210.lib(.text) } GROUP { ramfuncs { -l lib/AVP32F33X_API_V210.lib} }
LOAD : 指定要加载程序在FLASH中的地址段
RUN :指定在RAM里运行程序的RAM地址段
LOAD_START 所要加载程序在FLASH里的初始地址
LOAD_END 所要加载程序在FLASH里的结束地址
RUN_START 程序运行的起始地址
三、DATA_SECTION指令使用
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利用#pragma DATA_SECTION指令将变量关联到SECTIONS"ramdata’’
#pragma DATA_SECTION(Example,"ramdata");
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修改CMD文件使得 "ramdata’'映射到指定的地址空间
DMARAML4 : > RAML4, PAGE = 1 DMARAML5 : > RAML5, PAGE = 1 DMARAML6 : > RAML6, PAGE = 1 DMARAML7 : > RAML7, PAGE = 1
四、依据需求修改CMD文件
因为bootloar升级需要在一块DSP芯片上烧写两个工程,两个工程的启动地址不同。一般来说,我们在bootloader工程中,保持初始设置不变,仍然使用FLASHA中的地址作为起始地址
在APP工程中,起始地址可以修改为FLASHC中的地址作为起始地址,当然其他地址也是可以的。同时在APP工程的中的CMD文件中,我们要重新配置SECTION指令相关地址,即有FLASHA相关的地址全部修改为FLASHC,使得两个工程之间没有flash重叠的部分。
在bootloader工程的main函数中的跳转汇编指令的跳转地址也要依据APP工程的起始地址进行修改,在上述的例子中,跳转地址选择0x32FFF6。