Spring 的简介
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
Spring可以说是 中间层框架、万能胶,它是容器框架
Spring的目的
解决企业应用开发的复杂性
Spring的功能
使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
Spring的范围
任何Java应用
控制反转(ioc)
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
IOC/DI
将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
示例:
UserBiz 接口
package com.lzy.ioc.biz;
/**
* 实现业务功能的接口
* 给客户添加一个文件上传的接口,实现文件上传的功能
* v1.0实现文件上传的功能
* v2.0实现文件上传的功能的优化
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public interface UserBiz {
public void upload();
}
实现UserBiz 接口的类(未优化)
package com.lzy.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// System.out.println("优化性能的代码");
System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能");
}
}
实现UserBiz 接口的类(优化的)
package com.lzy.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void upload() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("优化性能的代码");
}
}
UserAction类
package com.lzy.ioc.web;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1;
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBizImpl1=new UserBizImpl1();//程序员改动的实现Biz接口的实现类(可变1和可变2)
public void upload() {
userBizImpl1.upload();
}
}
出现问题:如果说多个action类要使用同一个biz接口,那么一旦biz实现类发生改变那么,就需要程序员改动每一个action中的代码,去改变该biz接口的具体应用的实现类;
测试类:
package com.lzy.ioc.test;
import com.lzy.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserAction userAction=new UserAction();
userAction.upload();
}
}
用Spring-ioc就解决上述问题:
实现了一处改动,多处受益的结果
pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lzy</groupId>
<artifactId>T237_spring</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>T237_spring Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>T237_spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
改变UserAction代码:
package com.lzy.ioc.web;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
新建一个TeacherAction
package com.lzy.ioc.web;
import com.lzy.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class TeacherAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public void upload() {
userBiz.upload();
}
}
核心spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<!-- <bean class="com.lzy.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1" id="userBiz1"></bean> -->
<bean class="com.lzy.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean><!--优化的代码-->
<bean class="com.lzy.ioc.web.UserAction" id="userAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.lzy.ioc.web.TeacherAction" id="teacherAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
改变测试类:
package com.lzy.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lzy.ioc.web.TeacherAction;
import com.lzy.ioc.web.UserAction;
public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext springContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction userAction=(UserAction)springContext.getBean("userAction");
TeacherAction teacherAction=(TeacherAction)springContext.getBean("teacherAction");
teacherAction.upload();
userAction.upload();
}
}