DLX 数独的9*9的模板题。
具体建模详见下面这篇论文。其中9*9的数独怎么转化到精确覆盖问题,以及相关矩阵行列的定义都在下文中,描述的十分清晰
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/4ab7bd00a6c30c2259019eae.html
有关Dancing Links的英文论文详见下面链接
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/60eb28ded15abe23482f4d77.html
中文的:
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/d8f13dc45fbfc77da269b126.html
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
Total Submissions: 7272 | Accepted: 2549 |
Description
In the game of Sudoku, you are given a large 9 × 9 grid divided into smaller 3 × 3 subgrids. For example,
. | 2 | 7 | 3 | 8 | . | . | 1 | . |
. | 1 | . | . | . | 6 | 7 | 3 | 5 |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 | 9 |
3 | . | 5 | 6 | 9 | 2 | . | 8 | . |
. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
. | 6 | . | 1 | 7 | 4 | 5 | . | 3 |
6 | 4 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
9 | 5 | 1 | 8 | . | . | . | 7 | . |
. | 8 | . | . | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | . |
Given some of the numbers in the grid, your goal is to determine the remaining numbers such that the numbers 1 through 9 appear exactly once in (1) each of nine 3 × 3 subgrids, (2) each of the nine rows, and (3) each of the nine columns.
Input
The input test file will contain multiple cases. Each test case consists of a single line containing 81 characters, which represent the 81 squares of the Sudoku grid, given one row at a time. Each character is either a digit (from 1 to 9) or a period (used to indicate an unfilled square). You may assume that each puzzle in the input will have exactly one solution. The end-of-file is denoted by a single line containing the word “end”.
Output
For each test case, print a line representing the completed Sudoku puzzle.
Sample Input
.2738..1..1...6735.......293.5692.8...........6.1745.364.......9518...7..8..6534. ......52..8.4......3...9...5.1...6..2..7........3.....6...1..........7.4.......3. end
Sample Output
527389416819426735436751829375692184194538267268174593643217958951843672782965341 416837529982465371735129468571298643293746185864351297647913852359682714128574936
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
// 列:(行+列+块)*9种可能+9*9个格子
// 行: 9*9*9 表示第i行第j列填k
const int MAXN=(9+9+9)*9+9*9+9*9*9*9*9*4+10;
#define INF 0xFFFFFF
int size;
int head,sz;
int U[MAXN],D[MAXN],L[MAXN],R[MAXN];
int H[MAXN],ROW[MAXN],C[MAXN],S[MAXN],O[MAXN];
void remove(int c)
{
L[R[c]]=L[c];
R[L[c]]=R[c];
for(int i=D[c];i!=c;i=D[i])
{
for(int j=R[i];j!=i;j=R[j])
{
U[D[j]]=U[j];
D[U[j]]=D[j];
--S[C[j]];
}
}
}
void resume(int c)
{
for(int i=U[c];i!=c;i=U[i])
{
for(int j=L[i];j!=i;j=L[j])
{
++S[C[j]];
U[D[j]]=j;
D[U[j]]=j;
}
}
L[R[c]]=c;
R[L[c]]=c;
}
bool dfs(int k)
{
if(R[head]==head)
{
sort(O,O+9*9);
int p=0;
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<9;j++)
{
int num=O[p++];
//cout<<num<<endl;
num=num-(i*9+j)*9;
printf("%d",num);
}
}
printf("\n");
return true;
}
int s=INF,c;
for (int t=R[head];t!=head;t=R[t])
{
if (S[t]<s)
{
s=S[t];
c=t;
}
}
remove(c);
for(int i=D[c];i!=c;i=D[i])
{
O[k]=ROW[i];
for(int j=R[i];j!=i;j=R[j])
remove(C[j]);
if(dfs(k+1))
return true;
for(int j=L[i];j!=i;j=L[j])
resume(C[j]);
}
resume(c);
return false;
}
void initDL(int n)
{
head=0;
for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
{
U[i]=i;D[i]=i;
L[i]=i-1;R[i]=i+1;
S[i]=0;
}
R[n]=0;L[0]=n;S[0]=INF+1;
sz=n+1;
memset(H,0,sizeof(H));
}
void insert(int i, int j)
{
if(H[i])
{
L[sz]=L[H[i]];
R[sz]=H[i];
L[R[sz]]=sz;
R[L[sz]]=sz;
}
else
{
L[sz]=sz;
R[sz]=sz;
H[i]=sz;
}
U[sz]=U[j];
D[sz]=j;
U[D[sz]]=sz;
D[U[sz]]=sz;
C[sz]=j;
ROW[sz]=i;
++S[j];
++sz;
}
char str[200];
void build()
{
int p=0;
initDL(9*9*4);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
for(int j=1;j<=9;j++,p++)
{
int base=(i*9+j-1)*9;
if(str[p]=='.')
{
for(int k=1;k<=9;k++)
{
int r;
r=base+k;
//第i行有数字k
insert(r,i*9+k);
//第j列有数字k
insert(r,9*9+(j-1)*9+k);
//第k块有数字k
int block=(j-1)/3*3+i/3;
insert(r,9*9*2+block*9+k);
//第i行j列有一个数字(限制一个格子只填一个数)
insert(r,9*9*3+i*9+j);
}
}
else
{
int k=str[p]-'0';
int r=base+k;
//第i行有数字k
insert(r,i*9+k);
//第j列有数字k
insert(r,9*9+(j-1)*9+k);
//第k块有数字k
int block=(j-1)/3*3+i/3;
insert(r,9*9*2+block*9+k);
//第i行j列有一个数字(限制一个格子只填一个数)
insert(r,9*9*3+i*9+j);
}
}
}
int main()
{
size=9; //9*9数独
while(~scanf("%s",str))
{
if(strcmp(str,"end")==0)
break;
build();
dfs(0);
}
return 0;
}