Regular expression

--predefined character class:

Character          Matches                              Character          Matches        

\d                      any digit                               \D                     any nondigit

\w                     any word character               \W                    any nonword character

\s                      any white-space character    \S                     any nonwhite-space

                                                                                             character

Note that in java, we should start the escape sequence \ in a String, the two \ are needed,  for example a character class attempting to match any digit one or more times, the subexpression should be \\d+ .


--custom define character class:

[aeiou]   matches a SINGLE character in the [], that is a vowel;


-regular expression operator

operator                        description                                                 

*                                    match zero or more occurrences of the subexpression

(quantifier)                     immediately preceding the "*"   

+                                   match one or more occurrences of the subexpression

                                     immediately preceding the "+"  

|                                    matches the expression to its left or to its right, and the 

                                     parentheses () are used to group parts of the regex ,

                                     for example "Hi(Bruce|Jane)"    


Quantifier                          Matches
*                                        Matches zero or more occurrences of the pattern.
+                                       Matches one or more occurrences of the pattern.
?                                       Matches zero or one occurrences of the pattern.
{n}                                     Matches exactly n occurrences.
{n,}                                    Matches at least n occurrences.
{n,m}                                 Matches between n and m (inclusive) occurrences.




metacharacters supported by Java API are: <([{\^-=$!|]})?*+.>










Miscellaneous

Apostrophe: the mark '

Hyphen: the mark -


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