Android蓝牙开发浅析

由于近期正在开发一个通过蓝牙进行数据传递的模块,在参考了有关资料,并详细阅读了Android的官方文档后,总结了Android中蓝牙模块的使用。

【更新】之前承诺的蓝牙通讯模块的源码已经放出,详情请点击一下链接

http://blog.csdn.net/gd920129/article/details/7552110


1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限

  1. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> 
  2. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />


2. 配置本机蓝牙模块

在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter

  1. BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 
  2. //直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 
  3. Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); 
  4. startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1); 
  5. //直接打开蓝牙 
  6. adapter.enable(); 
  7. //关闭蓝牙 
  8. adapter.disable(); 
  9. //打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒) 
  10. Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); 
  11. discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间(最多300秒) 
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1);
//直接打开蓝牙
adapter.enable();
//关闭蓝牙
adapter.disable();
//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒)
Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间(最多300秒)


3.搜索蓝牙设备

使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。

请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播,以便实现某些功能

  1. // 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver 
  2. private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { 
  3.     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { 
  4.         String action = intent.getAction(); 
  5.         // 发现设备 
  6.         if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { 
  7.             // 从Intent中获取设备对象 
  8.             BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); 
  9.             // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示 
  10.             mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); 
  11.         } 
  12.     } 
  13. }; 
  14. // 注册BroadcastReceiver 
  15. IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); 
  16. registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 
// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        // 发现设备
        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
            // 从Intent中获取设备对象
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示
            mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
        }
    }
};
// 注册BroadcastReceiver
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定



4. 蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。


服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)

如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket

  1. private class AcceptThread extends Thread { 
  2.     private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; 
  3.  
  4.     public AcceptThread() { 
  5.         // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, 
  6.         // because mmServerSocket is final 
  7.         BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null
  8.         try
  9.             // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code 
  10.             tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); 
  11.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  12.         mmServerSocket = tmp; 
  13.     } 
  14.  
  15.     public void run() { 
  16.         BluetoothSocket socket = null
  17.         // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned 
  18.         while (true) { 
  19.             try
  20.                 socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); 
  21.             } catch (IOException e) { 
  22.                 break
  23.             } 
  24.             // If a connection was accepted 
  25.             if (socket != null) { 
  26.                 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 
  27.                 manageConnectedSocket(socket); 
  28.                 mmServerSocket.close(); 
  29.                 break
  30.             } 
  31.         } 
  32.     } 
  33.  
  34.     /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ 
  35.     public void cancel() { 
  36.         try
  37.             mmServerSocket.close(); 
  38.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  39.     } 
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

    public AcceptThread() {
        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,
        // because mmServerSocket is final
        BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
        try {
            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code
            tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
        mmServerSocket = tmp;
    }

    public void run() {
        BluetoothSocket socket = null;
        // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned
        while (true) {
            try {
                socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                break;
            }
            // If a connection was accepted
            if (socket != null) {
                // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
                manageConnectedSocket(socket);
                mmServerSocket.close();
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmServerSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}



客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService

调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回

注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

  1. private class ConnectThread extends Thread { 
  2.     private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 
  3.     private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; 
  4.  
  5.     public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { 
  6.         // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, 
  7.         // because mmSocket is final 
  8.         BluetoothSocket tmp = null
  9.         mmDevice = device; 
  10.  
  11.         // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice 
  12.         try
  13.             // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code 
  14.             tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); 
  15.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  16.         mmSocket = tmp; 
  17.     } 
  18.  
  19.     public void run() { 
  20.         // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection 
  21.         mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); 
  22.  
  23.         try
  24.             // Connect the device through the socket. This will block 
  25.             // until it succeeds or throws an exception 
  26.             mmSocket.connect(); 
  27.         } catch (IOException connectException) { 
  28.             // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out 
  29.             try
  30.                 mmSocket.close(); 
  31.             } catch (IOException closeException) { } 
  32.             return
  33.         } 
  34.  
  35.         // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) 
  36.         manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket); 
  37.     } 
  38.  
  39.     /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ 
  40.     public void cancel() { 
  41.         try
  42.             mmSocket.close(); 
  43.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  44.     } 
private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,
        // because mmSocket is final
        BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
        mmDevice = device;

        // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice
        try {
            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code
            tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
        mmSocket = tmp;
    }

    public void run() {
        // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection
        mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

        try {
            // Connect the device through the socket. This will block
            // until it succeeds or throws an exception
            mmSocket.connect();
        } catch (IOException connectException) {
            // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException closeException) { }
            return;
        }

        // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
        manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);
    }

    /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}



连接管理(数据通信)

分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream

使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作

注意:read(bytes[])方法会一直block,知道从流中读取到信息,而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block(比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下,write方法会block)

  1. private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { 
  2.     private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; 
  3.     private final InputStream mmInStream; 
  4.     private final OutputStream mmOutStream; 
  5.  
  6.     public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { 
  7.         mmSocket = socket; 
  8.         InputStream tmpIn = null
  9.         OutputStream tmpOut = null
  10.  
  11.         // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because 
  12.         // member streams are final 
  13.         try
  14.             tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); 
  15.             tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); 
  16.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  17.  
  18.         mmInStream = tmpIn; 
  19.         mmOutStream = tmpOut; 
  20.     } 
  21.  
  22.     public void run() { 
  23.         byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream 
  24.         int bytes; // bytes returned from read() 
  25.  
  26.         // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs 
  27.         while (true) { 
  28.             try
  29.                 // Read from the InputStream 
  30.                 bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); 
  31.                 // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity 
  32.                 mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer) 
  33.                         .sendToTarget(); 
  34.             } catch (IOException e) { 
  35.                 break
  36.             } 
  37.         } 
  38.     } 
  39.  
  40.     /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ 
  41.     public void write(byte[] bytes) { 
  42.         try
  43.             mmOutStream.write(bytes); 
  44.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  45.     } 
  46.  
  47.     /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ 
  48.     public void cancel() { 
  49.         try
  50.             mmSocket.close(); 
  51.         } catch (IOException e) { } 
  52.     } 
private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final InputStream mmInStream;
    private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

    public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
        mmSocket = socket;
        InputStream tmpIn = null;
        OutputStream tmpOut = null;

        // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because
        // member streams are final
        try {
            tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
            tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
        } catch (IOException e) { }

        mmInStream = tmpIn;
        mmOutStream = tmpOut;
    }

    public void run() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream
        int bytes; // bytes returned from read()

        // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs
        while (true) {
            try {
                // Read from the InputStream
                bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity
                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)
                        .sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */
    public void write(byte[] bytes) {
        try {
            mmOutStream.write(bytes);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }

    /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}


引用资料:Android官方SDK、《Android/OPhone完全开发讲义》

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