wayland(xdg_wm_base) + egl + opengles 纹理贴图最简实例(三)

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前言

本文主要介绍如何在一个wayland client 里面使用 egl + opengles 实现一个最简单的纹理贴图功能，在阅读本篇文章之前，建议先读一下之前的文章 《wayland(xdg_wm_base) + egl + opengles 最简实例》
软硬件环境
硬件：PC
软件：ubuntu22.04 weston9.0 opengles2.0/3.0 egl1.4

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一、纹理贴图

1. 纹理贴图介绍

纹理贴图（Texture Mapping）是计算机图形学中的一种技术，用于将图像或纹理应用到模型的表面上，以增强模型的外观和细节；纹理贴图可以使模型表面呈现出更加真实、具有细节和复杂度的外观，而不仅仅是简单的几何形状。它通过将图像或纹理映射到模型的各个顶点或多边形上来实现。

2. 使用opengles 实现纹理贴图的主要步骤

1.创建纹理对象并绑定到当前环境中
使用 glGenTextures 函数生成一个纹理对象的标识符，并绑定到当前环境中；

GLuint textureID;
glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);

2. 设置纹理参数
   通过 glTexParameteri 函数设置纹理的过滤方式和纹理坐标的环绕方式，常见的过滤方式有线性过滤和最近点采样，常见的环绕方式有重复和镜像

// 设置纹理缩小时的过滤方式（缩小的情况下，将多个纹素映射到一个片元上）
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
// 设置纹理放大时的过滤方式（放大的情况下，将一个纹素映射到一个片元上）
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
// 设置纹理坐标的环绕方式
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);

3. 加载纹理图像数据
   使用 glTexImage2D 函数加载纹理图像数据到纹理对象中。可以从图像文件中加载纹理，也可以通过代码生成纹理数据

glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);

4. 使用纹理
   将纹理坐标传递给顶点着色器，并在片段着色器中进行纹理采样

opengles2.0 版本：

// 在顶点着色器中传递纹理坐标
const char* const vertexShaderSource =		
		"attribute vec4 vPosition; \n"
		"attribute vec2 aTexCoord; \n"
		"varying vec2 vTexCoord; \n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"   gl_Position = vPosition;\n"
		    "vTexCoord = aTexCoord; \n"
		"}\n";

// 在片段着色器中进行纹理采样
const char* const fragmentShaderSource = 
		"precision mediump float;\n"
		"varying vec2 vTexCoord; \n"
		"uniform sampler2D uTexture; \n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"   gl_FragColor = texture2D(uTexture, vTexCoord);\n"
		"}\n";

opengles3.0 版本：

// Vertex shader code
	const char* const vertexShaderSource =		
		"#version 300 es \n"
		"layout (location = 0) in vec4 vPosition; \n"
		"layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord; \n"
		"out vec2 vTexCoord; \n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"   gl_Position = vPosition;\n"
		"   vTexCoord = aTexCoord; \n"
		"}\n";

// fragment shader code
const char* const fragmentShaderSource =  
		"#version 300 es \n"
		"precision mediump float;\n"
		"in vec2 vTexCoord; \n"
        "layout (location = 0) out vec4 outColor;"
		"uniform sampler2D uTexture; \n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"   outColor = texture(uTexture, vTexCoord);\n"
		"}\n";

5. 绑定纹理对象并传递给片段着色器

// 获取uniform变量的位置
GLint u_texture = glGetUniformLocation(program, "uTexture");

glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glUniform1i(u_texture, 0);

6. 绘制结束，清除纹理

glDeleteTextures(1, &texture);

二、代码实例

1. opengles2.0 版本的egl_wayland_texture.c

代码如下（示例）：

#include <wayland-client.h>
#include <wayland-server.h>
#include <wayland-egl.h>
#include <EGL/egl.h>
#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "xdg-shell-client-protocol.h"

#define WIDTH 640
#define HEIGHT 480

struct wl_display *display = NULL;
struct wl_compositor *compositor = NULL;
struct xdg_wm_base *wm_base = NULL;
struct wl_registry *registry = NULL;

struct window {
   
	struct wl_surface *surface;
    struct xdg_surface *xdg_surface;
	struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel;
	struct wl_egl_window *egl_window;
};

// Index to bind the attributes to vertex shaders
const unsigned int VertexArray = 0;

static void
xdg_wm_base_ping(void *data, struct xdg_wm_base *shell, uint32_t serial)
{
   
	xdg_wm_base_pong(shell, serial);
}

/*for xdg_wm_base listener*/
static const struct xdg_wm_base_listener wm_base_listener = {
   
	xdg_wm_base_ping,
};

/*for registry listener*/
static void registry_add_object(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name, const char *interface, uint32_t version) 
{
   
    if (!strcmp(interface, "wl_compositor")) {
   
        compositor = wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &wl_compositor_interface, 1);
    } else if (strcmp(interface, "xdg_wm_base") == 0) {
   
        wm_base = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
            &xdg_wm_base_interface, 1);
        xdg_wm_base_add_listener(wm_base, &wm_base_listener, NULL);
    }
}


void registry_remove_object(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry, uint32_t name) 
{
   

}

static struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = {
   registry_add_object, registry_remove_object};

static void
handle_surface_configure(void *data, struct xdg_surface *surface,
			 uint32_t serial)
{
   
	//struct window *window = data;

	xdg_surface_ack_configure(surface, serial);

	//window->wait_for_configure = false;
}

static const struct xdg_surface_listener xdg_surface_listener = {
   
	handle_surface_configure
};

static void
handle_toplevel_configure(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *toplevel,
			  int32_t width, int32_t height,
			  struct wl_array *states)
{
   
}

static void
handle_toplevel_close(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel)
{
   
}

static const struct xdg_toplevel_listener xdg_toplevel_listener = {
   
	handle_toplevel_configure,
	handle_toplevel_close,
};


bool initWaylandConnection()
{
   	
	if ((display = wl_display_connect(NULL)) == NULL)
	{
   
		printf("Failed to connect to Wayland display!\n");
		return false;
	}

	if ((registry = wl_display_get_registry(display)) == NULL)
	{
   
		printf("Faield to get Wayland registry!\n");
		return false;
	}

	wl_registry_add_listener(registry, &registry_listener, NULL);
	wl_display_dispatch(display);

	if (!compositor)
	{
   
		printf("Could not bind Wayland protocols!\n");
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

bool initializeWindow(struct window *window)
{
   
	initWaylandConnection();
	window->surface = wl_compositor_create_surface (compositor);
	window->xdg_surface = xdg_wm_base_get_xdg_surface(wm_base, window->surface);
    if (window->xdg_surface == NULL)
    {
   
        printf("Failed to get Wayland xdg surface\n");
        return false;
    } else {
   
        xdg_surface_add_listener(window->xdg_surface, &xdg_surface_listener, window);
        window->xdg_toplevel =
            xdg_surface_get_toplevel(window->xdg_surface);
        xdg_toplevel_add_listener(window->xdg_toplevel,
            &xdg_toplevel_listener, window);
        xdg_toplevel_set_title(window->xdg_toplevel, "egl_wayland_texture");
    }

	return true;


}

void releaseWaylandConnection(struct window *window)
{
   
    if(window->xdg_toplevel)
        xdg_toplevel_destroy(window->xdg_toplevel);
    if(w