如何 make boot image
首先看看 boot image header 的定义:
typedef struct boot_img_hdr boot_img_hdr;
#define BOOT_MAGIC "ANDROID!"
#define BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE 8
#define BOOT_NAME_SIZE 16
#define BOOT_ARGS_SIZE 512
struct boot_img_hdr
{
unsigned char magic[BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE];
unsigned kernel_size; /* size in bytes */
unsigned kernel_addr; /* physical load addr */
unsigned ramdisk_size; /* size in bytes */
unsigned ramdisk_addr; /* physical load addr */
unsigned second_size; /* size in bytes */
unsigned second_addr; /* physical load addr */
unsigned tags_addr; /* physical addr for kernel tags */
unsigned page_size; /* flash page size we assume */
unsigned unused[2]; /* future expansion: should be 0 */
unsigned char name[BOOT_NAME_SIZE]; /* asciiz product name */
unsigned char cmdline[BOOT_ARGS_SIZE];
unsigned id[8]; /* timestamp / checksum / sha1 / etc */
};
boot image 的结构
** +-----------------+
** | boot header | 1 page
** +-----------------+
** | kernel | n pages
** +-----------------+
** | ramdisk | m pages
** +-----------------+
** | second stage | o pages
** +-----------------+
**
** n = (kernel_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
** m = (ramdisk_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
** o = (second_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
**
** 0. all entities are page_size aligned in flash
** 1. kernel and ramdisk are required (size != 0)
** 2. second is optional (second_size == 0 -> no second)
** 3. load each element (kernel, ramdisk, second) at
** the specified physical address (kernel_addr, etc)
** 4. prepare tags at tag_addr. kernel_args[] is
** appended to the kernel commandline in the tags.
** 5. r0 = 0, r1 = MACHINE_TYPE, r2 = tags_addr
** 6. if second_size != 0: jump to second_addr
** else: jump to kernel_addr
*/
make file 通过以下参数进行设置
INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS += --cmdline "$(BOARD_KERNEL_CMDLINE)"
INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS += --base $(BOARD_KERNEL_BASE)
INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS += --pagesize $(BOARD_KERNEL_PAGESIZE)
INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS += --ramdisk_offset $(BOARD_RAMDISK_OFFSET)
$(MKBOOTIMG) $(INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS) $(BOARD_MKBOOTIMG_ARGS) --output $@
我们逐一看一下,这个文件其实比较简单
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
boot_img_hdr hdr;
char *kernel_fn = 0;
void *kernel_data = 0;
char *ramdisk_fn = 0;
void *ramdisk_data = 0;
char *second_fn = 0;
void *second_data = 0;
char *cmdline = "";
char *bootimg = 0;
char *board = "";
unsigned pagesize = 2048;
int fd;
SHA_CTX ctx;
uint8_t* sha;
unsigned base = 0x10000000; //set base address 256M
unsigned kernel_offset = 0x00008000; //kernel storage offset
unsigned ramdisk_offset = 0x01000000;
unsigned second_offset = 0x00f00000;
unsigned tags_offset = 0x00000100;
argc--;
argv++;
memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
//通过以下进行参数解析
while(argc > 0){
char *arg = argv[0];
char *val = argv[1];
if(argc < 2) {
return usage();
}
argc -= 2;
argv += 2;
if(!strcmp(arg, "--output") || !strcmp(arg, "-o")) {
bootimg = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--kernel")) {
kernel_fn = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--ramdisk")) {
ramdisk_fn = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--second")) {
second_fn = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--cmdline")) {
cmdline = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--base")) {
base = strtoul(val, 0, 16);
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--kernel_offset")) {
kernel_offset = strtoul(val, 0, 16);
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--ramdisk_offset")) {
ramdisk_offset = strtoul(val, 0, 16);
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--second_offset")) {
second_offset = strtoul(val, 0, 16);
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--tags_offset")) {
tags_offset = strtoul(val, 0, 16);
} else if(!strcmp(arg, "--board")) {
board = val;
} else if(!strcmp(arg,"--pagesize")) {
pagesize = strtoul(val, 0, 10);
if ((pagesize != 2048) && (pagesize != 4096)
&& (pagesize != 8192) && (pagesize != 16384)) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: unsupported page size %d\n", pagesize);
return -1;
}
} else {
return usage();
}
}
// 填充 boot image 的 header
hdr.page_size = pagesize;
hdr.kernel_addr = base + kernel_offset;
hdr.ramdisk_addr = base + ramdisk_offset;
hdr.second_addr = base + second_offset;
hdr.tags_addr = base + tags_offset;
// 检测错误的参数输入
if(bootimg == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: no output filename specified\n");
return usage();
}
if(kernel_fn == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: no kernel image specified\n");
return usage();
}
if(ramdisk_fn == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: no ramdisk image specified\n");
return usage();
}
if(strlen(board) >= BOOT_NAME_SIZE) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: board name too large\n");
return usage();
}
strcpy(hdr.name, board);
memcpy(hdr.magic, BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE);
if(strlen(cmdline) > (BOOT_ARGS_SIZE - 1)) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: kernel commandline too large\n");
return 1;
}
strcpy((char*)hdr.cmdline, cmdline);
kernel_data = load_file(kernel_fn, &hdr.kernel_size);
if(kernel_data == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: could not load kernel '%s'\n", kernel_fn);
return 1;
}
if(!strcmp(ramdisk_fn,"NONE")) {
ramdisk_data = 0;
hdr.ramdisk_size = 0;
} else {
ramdisk_data = load_file(ramdisk_fn, &hdr.ramdisk_size);
if(ramdisk_data == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: could not load ramdisk '%s'\n", ramdisk_fn);
return 1;
}
}
if(second_fn) {
second_data = load_file(second_fn, &hdr.second_size);
if(second_data == 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: could not load secondstage '%s'\n", second_fn);
return 1;
}
}
进行hash 计算,
/* put a hash of the contents in the header so boot images can be
* differentiated based on their first 2k.
*/
SHA_init(&ctx);
SHA_update(&ctx, kernel_data, hdr.kernel_size);
SHA_update(&ctx, &hdr.kernel_size, sizeof(hdr.kernel_size));
SHA_update(&ctx, ramdisk_data, hdr.ramdisk_size);
SHA_update(&ctx, &hdr.ramdisk_size, sizeof(hdr.ramdisk_size));
SHA_update(&ctx, second_data, hdr.second_size);
SHA_update(&ctx, &hdr.second_size, sizeof(hdr.second_size));
sha = SHA_final(&ctx);
memcpy(hdr.id, sha,
SHA_DIGEST_SIZE > sizeof(hdr.id) ? sizeof(hdr.id) : SHA_DIGEST_SIZE);
fd = open(bootimg, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0644);
if(fd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"error: could not create '%s'\n", bootimg);
return 1;
}
//写入header, 并且填充0进行页对齐
if(write(fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != sizeof(hdr)) goto fail;
if(write_padding(fd, pagesize, sizeof(hdr))) goto fail;
// 写入kernel 部分
if(write(fd, kernel_data, hdr.kernel_size) != hdr.kernel_size) goto fail;
if(write_padding(fd, pagesize, hdr.kernel_size)) goto fail;
// 写入ramdisk 部分
if(write(fd, ramdisk_data, hdr.ramdisk_size) != hdr.ramdisk_size) goto fail;
if(write_padding(fd, pagesize, hdr.ramdisk_size)) goto fail;
if(second_data) {
if(write(fd, second_data, hdr.second_size) != hdr.second_size) goto fail;
if(write_padding(fd, pagesize, hdr.ramdisk_size)) goto fail;
}
return 0;
fail:
unlink(bootimg);
close(fd);
fprintf(stderr,"error: failed writing '%s': %s\n", bootimg,
strerror(errno));
return 1;
}