自然数据库-matplotlib绘制散点图、直方图、条形图

一.绘制散点图

通过plt.scatter(x,y)来绘制散点图，难点：将坐标轴与x的描述对应

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10= [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_3=range(1,32)
x_10=range(51,82)

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3月")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label="10月")
_x=list(x_3)+list(x_10)
x_stick1=["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
x_stick2=["10月{}日".format(i) for i in x_10]
x_stick=x_stick1+x_stick2
plt.xticks(_x,x_stick,rotation=45)
plt.xlabel("日期")
plt.ylabel("温度")
plt.title("3月和10月的温度变化散点图")
plt.legend(loc="upper left")   #此处必须先设置label才能显示图例
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.savefig("pic1.png")
plt.show()

散点图的更多应用场景

• 不同条件 ( 维度 ) 之间的内在关联关系

• 观察数据的离散聚合程度

二.绘制条形图

通过plt.bar()来绘制条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
_x=range(len(a))   #此处必须传入一个range序列做x轴，因为x轴本身就是数字，后面在堆x轴进行一一对应
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)  #图片大小设置要卸载图片显示前
plt.bar(_x,b,width=0.3,color="orange") #此处可以兑条形柱进行设置

plt.xticks(_x,a,rotation=90) #x轴的对应要写在图片显示后，设置的只是x轴的显示方式
#plt.savefig("pic2.png")
plt.show()

通过plt.barh来绘制横条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
_x=range(len(a))   #此处必须传入一个range序列做x轴，因为x轴本身就是数字，后面在堆x轴进行一一对应
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)  #图片大小设置要卸载图片显示前
plt.barh(_x,b,height=0.3,color="orange") #此处可以兑条形柱进行设置

plt.yticks(_x,a) #x轴的对应要写在图片显示后，设置的只是x轴的显示方式
plt.savefig("pic3.png")
plt.show()

多次绘制条形图，注意每一个都需要往过移动一个width的距离（条形宽度）

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
y_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
y_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
y_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

bar_width=0.2
x_14=list(range(len(a)))  #x_14=[0,1,2,3]
x_15=[i+bar_width for i in x_14]  #x_15=[0.2.1.2.2.2,3.2]
x_16=[i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]  #x_16=[0.4.1.4.2.4,3.4]

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.bar(x_14,y_14,width=0.2,label="14日")
plt.bar(x_15,y_15,width=0.2,label="15日")
plt.bar(x_16,y_16,width=0.2,label="16日")

plt.legend()
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.xticks(x_15,a)  #此处使用x_15与a对应是因为，x_15在中间
plt.savefig("pic4.png")
plt.show()

条形图的更多应用场景

• 数量统计

• 频率统计 ( 市场饱和度 )

三.绘制直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))
width=3
print(max(a)-min(a))
num=(max(a)-min(a))//3
print(num)
plt.hist(a,num)
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+width,width))   #最后一个width为步长
#plt.xlabel=("时常")
#plt.ylabel=("电影数量")
#plt.title=("电影时常直方图")   #此处错误示范，xlabel()不需要等号连接
plt.xlabel("时常")
plt.ylabel("电影数量")
plt.title("电影时常直方图")
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
#plt.savefig("pic5.png")
plt.show()

用条形图绘制直方图

要注意取消条形图之间的间距，要注意图形与零点对齐

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))

plt.bar(list(range(len(interval))),quantity,width=1)  #x轴和y轴数字的数量必须一致,只要是可迭代对象即可，设置宽度为了使图形连在一起
x_stick=[i-0.5 for i in range(13)]  #左移0.5，使得图形与0点对齐
_x=interval+[150]
plt.xticks(x_stick,_x)
plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.xlabel("英里数")
plt.ylabel("人数")
plt.title("距离直方图")
plt.savefig("pic6.png")
plt.show()