C++ 字符串长度获取 sizeof、strlen、string.length、string.size

C++ 字符串长度获取 sizeof、strlen、string.length、string.size

刚开始在获取字符数组和string字符串的长度的时候对函数的使用不是很清楚.
实践出真知

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

    char char1[] = {'a','b'};
    char char2[9] = {'c','d','e','f'};
    char* char3 = (char*)"hello world";
    string char4 = "this is a string.";

    cout<< "char1[10] = {'a','b'}        -> sizeof:"<<sizeof(char1)<<endl;
    cout<< "char2[9] = {'c','d','e','f'} -> sizeof:"<<sizeof(char2)<<endl;
    cout<< "char3 \"hello world\"        -> sizeof:"<<sizeof(char3)<<endl;
    cout<< "char4 string \"this is a string.\"-> sizeof:"<<sizeof(char4)<<endl;
    cout<<endl;
    cout<< "char1[10] = {'a','b'}        -> strlen:"<<strlen(char1)<<endl;
    cout<< "char2[9] = {'c','d','e','f'} -> strlen:"<<strlen(char2)<<endl;
    cout<< "char3 \"hello world\"        -> strlen:"<<strlen(char3)<<endl;
//    cout<< "char4 -> strlen:"<<strlen(char4)<<endl;       //编译不通过
    cout<<endl;
    cout<< "char4 string \"this is a string.\"-> length:"<<char4.length()<<endl;

    cout<< "char4 string \"this is a string.\"-> size:"<<char4.size()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

结果：

F:\ClionProject\jianZhiOffer\cmake-build-debug\jianZhiOffer.exe
char1[10] = {'a','b'}        -> sizeof:2
char2[9] = {'c','d','e','f'} -> sizeof:9
char3 "hello world"        -> sizeof:8
char4 string "this is a string."-> sizeof:32

char1[10] = {'a','b'}        -> strlen:2
char2[9] = {'c','d','e','f'} -> strlen:4
char3 "hello world"        -> strlen:11

char4 string "this is a string."-> length:17
char4 string "this is a string."-> size:17

Process finished with exit code 0

对于字符数组：sizeof得到的是字符数组的容量，strlen是的到的字符的长度
对于字符指针：sizeof得到的是指针的字节数，strlen得到的是指针指向的字符的个数

对于string：sizeof得到的变量的字符大小，而length和size得到的是变量中字符串的长度。