C++(CPP)面向对象中的构造函数

构造函数默认参数

#include <iostream>
class C_Example{
    public:
        int m_number;
        C_Example(int number = 6){
            m_number = number;
        }
};

int main(){
    //报错：C_Example example(); 
    C_Example example;
    std::cout << example.m_number << std::endl;
}

但如果实例化为匿名对象，则依然需要()

#include <iostream>
class C_Example{
      public:
      	int m_number;
      	C_Example(int number = 6){
              m_number = number;
          } //含有构造函数默认参数
      	void PrintNumber(){
              std::cout << m_number << std::out;
          }
  };
  
  int main(){
      C_Example().example()
  }
  //Output >> 6

构造函数后的冒号

参考：C++构造函数后面的冒号 - 百度文库 (baidu.com)

构造函数后加冒号是初始化表达式。

1. 初始化const成员或引用成员（仅该方法）

   class C_Example{
       public:
       	const int m_numberA;
       	int &m_numberB;
       	C_Example();
   };
   C_Example::C_Example(int numberA, int numberB):m_numberA(numberA), numberB(numberB){
       ...
   };
   

2. 想通过对构造函数传参直接赋值成员(一般不这么用)

   #include <iostream>
   class C_Example{
       public:
       	int m_number;
       C_Example(int number):m_number(number){}
   };
   
   int main(){
       C_Example example(6);
       std::cout << example.m_number << std::endl;
   }
   //Output >> 6
   

3. 当调用派生类的构造函数时，想直接赋值（初始化）基类的成员

   #include <string>
   using namespace std;
   
   class Parent{
       protected:
       	string m_firstName;
      		string m_lastName;
   
           Parent(string firstName, string lastName){
               m_firstName = firstName;
               m_lastName = lastName;
           }
   };
   
   class Son: public Parent{
       public:
           string m_sonLastName;
   
       Son(string parentFirstName, string parentLastName, string sonLastName): Parent(parentFirstName, parentLastName), m_sonLastName(sonLastName){};
       //初始化表达式中Parent()就是调用基类的构造函数
       /*派生类不能直接初始化基类的成员，会出现成员不存在的错误
        * 报错写法: Son(string parentFirstName, string parentLastName, string sonLastName): m_firstName(parentFirstName)...
        */
   };