c++四种基本的构造函数

c++的构造函数分为四种:
默认,自定义,赋值,拷贝

1. Animal();
   //默认的构造函数
   用法：Amimal pig;

2. Animal(int age,int weight,const char *add);
   //自定义参数函数’
   用法: Amimal pig（16，299，“nba”）;

3. Animal(const Animal&);
   //拷贝构造函数
   用法 : Amimal tiger(pig);
   Animal tiger=pig;
   注意:如果不定义构造函数，用这两种方法也是调用拷贝函数
   但是是浅拷贝 即里面的指针是指向原来的地方 而不是重新分贝一块内存，如果定义过拷贝函数，就可以自己设为分配一块内存空间在指向这块内存空间

4. Animal& operator=(const Animal&);
   //赋值构造函数
   用法：Amimal tiger，pig;
   tiger =pig;
   注意：这个函数同拷贝函数

#include<iostream>
#include<Windows.h>
using namespace std;
class Animal{
public:
 Animal(); 
 //默认的构造函数 
 //自定义参数构造函数 
 Animal(int age,int weight,const char *add);
 Animal(const Animal&);
 Animal& operator=(const Animal&);
 ~Animal();
 int  getweight();
 int  getage();
 char* getaddr();
 void setaddr(const char *add);
private:
 int weight;
 int age;
 char* addr;
};
Animal::Animal() {
 age = 28;
 weight = 100;
 addr = new char[64];
 strcpy_s(addr,64,"zoo");
}
Animal::Animal(int age, int weight,const char *add) {
 this->age = age;
 this->weight = weight;
 addr = new char[64];
 strcpy_s(addr, 64, add);
}
Animal& Animal::operator=(const Animal &pig ) {
 if (this == &pig) {
  return *this;
 }
 age = pig.age;
 weight = pig.weight;
 addr = new char[64];
 strcpy_s(addr, 64, pig.addr);
}
Animal::Animal(const Animal &pig){
 age = pig.age;
 weight = pig.weight;
 addr = new char[64];
 strcpy_s(addr, 64, pig.addr);
}
Animal::~Animal() {
 delete addr;
}
int Animal::getweight() {
 return weight;
}
void Animal::setaddr(const char *add) {
 addr = new char[64];
 strcpy_s(addr,64,add);
}
int  Animal::getage() {
 return age;
}
char* Animal::getaddr() {
 return addr;
}
int main() {
 Animal pig;
 cout << pig.getaddr() << endl;
 pig.setaddr("NBA");
 cout << pig.getaddr() << endl;
 system("pause");
 return 0;
}

声明：其实后两个函数就是为了让对象里的指针，重新分配一块内存空间并赋值，再让其指针指向这块区域，就应该是要去定义的最重要原因