dom4j和xpath解析带名称空间的xml…

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-31 18:48:43 发布

李荣强

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-31 18:48:43 发布

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本文以spring的applicationContext.xml配置文件为例，探讨如何利用dom4j和xpath解析带有名称空间的XML文档。讲解了在处理XML文件时，面对名称空间的解析方法。

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首先以spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml为例:






 package cn.itcast.dom4j;

import java.io.File;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import org.dom4j.Attribute;

import org.dom4j.Document;

import org.dom4j.DocumentException;

import org.dom4j.Element;

import org.dom4j.XPath;

import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import org.junit.Test;

public class NamespaceParseXml {

 @Test

 public void getSingleValue() {

  SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

  try {

   Document document = reader.read(new File("src/persistence.xml"));

   Map<String, String> nsMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();

   // 设置一个命名空间,其中put中的key可任意取名(符合Java命名规范),value为一个uri;

   nsMap.put("key", "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence");

   // 创建一个xpath表达式,xmlns为上面设置的key;两者必须相同;否则会报错;xpath表达式参看文档;

   XPath xPath = document

     .createXPath("//key:persistence//key:persistence-unit//key:properties//key:property");

   // 将设置好的命名空间集合交给xpath对象,使其内部和文档进行匹配和解析;

   xPath.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);

   // 用匹配好的名称空间的xpath表达式选取所需的节点做进一步的操作;

   String value = xPath.selectSingleNode(document).getText();

   System.out.println(value);

  } catch (DocumentException e) {

   throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

 }

 // 使用xpath和namespace进行文档的快速查找,查找出applicationContext.xml文档中;

 // 所有id属性值;并打印输出;

 @Test

 public void getAllId() throws DocumentException {

  // 1 创建SAXReader;

  SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

  // 通过解析器解析出xml文档对应的文档对象Docment;

  Document document = reader.read("src/applicationContext.xml");

  // 设置命名空间;

  Map<String, String> nsMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();

  nsMap.put("xmlns", "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");

  // 创建xpath表达式,并将该表达式封装成XPath对象;

  XPath xPath = document.createXPath("//@id");

  // 实际上这里可以不用nsMap, 为创建xpath表达式时没有用到名称空间namespace;

  xPath.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);

  // 用封装好的xpath对象表达式去搜索文档对象中需要的东西;

  List<Attribute> nodes = xPath.selectNodes(document);

  for (Attribute attribute : nodes) {

   System.out

     .println(attribute.getName() + "=" + attribute.getValue());

  }

 }

 @Test

 public void getAllBean() {

  try {

   // 通过解析器获取xml对应的Document对象;

   SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

   Document document = reader.read("src/applicationContext.xml");

   // 创建名称空间的集合;

   Map<String, String> nsMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();

   nsMap.put("xmlns", "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans");

   // 创建xpath表达式对象;

   XPath xpath = document.createXPath("//xmlns:bean");

   // 将名称空间注入到xpath中;

   xpath.setNamespaceURIs(nsMap);

   // 用xpath表达式对文档进行搜索;获取需要的节点对象;

   List<Element> elements = xpath.selectNodes(document);

   //为了提高程序的健壮性,对参数进行判断,避免空指针问题;

   if (elements != null) {

    for (Element element : elements) {

     List<Attribute> list = element.attributes();

     if (list != null) {

      for (Attribute attribute : list) {

       System.out.println(attribute.getName() + "=="

         + attribute.getValue());

      }

     }

    }

   }

  } catch (DocumentException e) {

   throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

 }

}

applicationContext.xml文件如下:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-tx.xsd

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

 <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast" />

 <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />

 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"

  destroy-method="close">

  <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />

  <property name="url"

   value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?userUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8" />

  <property name="username" value="root" />

  <property name="password" value="123456" />

  <property name="initialSize" value="10" />

  <property name="maxActive" value="50" />

  <property name="maxIdle" value="20" />

  <property name="minIdle" value="5" />

 </bean>

 <bean id="sessionFactory"

  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

  <property name="mappingResources">

   <list>

    <value>cn/itcast/domain/User.hbm.xml</value>

   </list>

  </property>

  <property name="hibernateProperties">

   <value>

    hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

    hibernate.show_sql=true

    hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update

   </value>

  </property>

 </bean>

 <bean id="transactionManager"

  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

 </bean>

</beans>

需要注意的问题:

1: 导入jar包的时候,记得dom4j和xpath的支持jar包一起导入,否则会报找不到类异常;

2: 配置文件中不能存在乱 字符,否则会出现;java.lang.RuntimeException: org.dom4j.DocumentException: Error on line 1 of

document file:///H:/Program/MyDay1/src/persistence.xml : Content is not allowed in

prolog. Nested exception: Content is not allowed in prolog.问题;

3: 设置名称空间集合时即nsMap.put(key,value);key可以设置为任何值,value需为一个合法并存在的uri;

同时key前后必须一 ;

4: 使用junit测试时,就不能使用类装载器的方式获取一个流,给SAXReader解析获取Document文档;

温馨提示:

对xml文件的书写,最好使用子元 替代属性;

xpath文档和dom4j文档很有用;

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