stop应用无法收到广播问题

有个系统应用（没有图标，只有一个service服务）依靠开机广播BOOT_COMPLETED和网络变化广播ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION来进行自启动，但是后来需要将这个应用修改为非系统应用，开机之后出现了服务无法自启动的问题。

原因：Android在3.1以后将新安装并且从未被启动的应用置为“STOPPED”状态，这种状态指那些安装了但从未启动过的apk，或在settings中被force stop的apk，这种状态下的应用是无法接收到广播的（IntentResolver.buildResolveList）。Android这样做的目的是防止广播无意或者不必要地开启未启动的APP后台服务，因此，无法在应用未启动的情况下通过接收广播，来完成一些操作。

解决思路：Android提供了添加特定Flag广播的方式，用来标识Intent是否要对处于”STOPPED“状态下的App起作用

frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/Intent.java
/**
 * If set, this intent will not match any components in packages that
 * are currently stopped.  If this is not set, then the default behavior
 * is to include such applications in the result.
 */
public static final int FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES = 0x00000010;
/**
 * If set, this intent will always match any components in packages that
 * are currently stopped.  This is the default behavior when
 * {@link #FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES} is not set.  If both of these
 * flags are set, this one wins (it allows overriding of exclude for
 * places where the framework may automatically set the exclude flag).
 */
public static final int FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES = 0x00000020;

FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES：默认所有系统广播设置此标识，不包含stopped状态下的package

FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES：包含stopped状态下的package

先看下默认设置了FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES标识代码位置：

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
final int broadcastIntentLocked(ProcessRecord callerApp,
            String callerPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
            IIntentReceiver resultTo, int resultCode, String resultData,
            Bundle resultExtras, String[] requiredPermissions, int appOp, Bundle bOptions,
            boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int callingPid, int callingUid, int realCallingUid,
            int realCallingPid, int userId, boolean allowBackgroundActivityStarts) {
        intent = new Intent(intent);
 
        final boolean callerInstantApp = isInstantApp(callerApp, callerPackage, callingUid);
        // Instant Apps cannot use FLAG_RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS
        if (callerInstantApp) {
            intent.setFlags(intent.getFlags() & ~Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_VISIBLE_TO_INSTANT_APPS);
        }
 
        // By default broadcasts do not go to stopped apps.
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES);
 
        // If we have not finished booting, don't allow this to launch new processes.
        if (!mProcessesReady && (intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_BOOT_UPGRADE) == 0) {
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
        }
 
        ......

可以看到一般情况下会默认添加FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES flag。

再看下广播跳过“STOPPED”状态的地方

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/IntentResolver.java
private void buildResolveList(Intent intent, FastImmutableArraySet<String> categories,
        boolean debug, boolean defaultOnly, String resolvedType, String scheme,
        F[] src, List<R> dest, int userId) {
    final String action = intent.getAction();
    final Uri data = intent.getData();
    final String packageName = intent.getPackage();
 
    final boolean excludingStopped = intent.isExcludingStopped();
 
    ......
 
    final int N = src != null ? src.length : 0;
    boolean hasNonDefaults = false;
    int i;
    F filter;
    for (i=0; i<N && (filter=src[i]) != null; i++) {
        int match;
        if (debug) Slog.v(TAG, "Matching against filter " + filter);
 
        if (excludingStopped && isFilterStopped(filter, userId)) {//如果设置了FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES标识，并且是stop app，则跳过
            if (debug) {
                Slog.v(TAG, "  Filter's target is stopped; skipping");
            }
            continue;
        }
 
        // Is delivery being limited to filters owned by a particular package?
        if (packageName != null && !isPackageForFilter(packageName, filter)) {
            if (debug) {
                Slog.v(TAG, "  Filter is not from package " + packageName + "; skipping");
            }
            continue;
        }
 
        .....

可以看出这里是否跳过有两个要求：

1.excludingStopped：设置了FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES标识，默认设置，所以一般情况下stopped应用都无法接收到广播。

frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/Intent.java
public boolean isExcludingStopped() {
    return (mFlags&(FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES|FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES))
            == FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES;
}

2.isFilterStopped：是否是Stopped app。这里一般只包含非系统应用、并且状态为stopped的应用才会跳过广播接受。

frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/ComponentResolver.java
@Override
protected boolean isFilterStopped(PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo filter, int userId) {
    if (!sUserManager.exists(userId)) return true;
    PackageParser.Package p = filter.activity.owner;
    if (p != null) {
        PackageSetting ps = (PackageSetting) p.mExtras;
        if (ps != null) {
            // System apps are never considered stopped for purposes of
            // filtering, because there may be no way for the user to
            // actually re-launch them.
            return (ps.pkgFlags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0
                    && ps.getStopped(userId);
        }
    }
    return false;
}

解决方案：

1.可以直接在AMS.broadcastIntentLocked里将FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES替换成FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES

但是这样做会导致所有stop应用接收广播，具有很大风险，不建议使用。

2.在发送intent的地方加上FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES的flag

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED");
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES);
sendBroadcast(intent);