HTTP请求,响应，请求转发，重定向

HTTP请求结构：

• 请求行：请求方法，请求url，http协议版本
• 请求头：语言，浏览器，操作系统环境，数据长度...
• 请求体：post请求发送的参数

HTTP响应结构：

• 响应行：报文协议和版本，状态码及描述信息
• 响应头：Content-Type：text/html
• 响应体：浏览器显示的信息，如HTML

状态码：

• 200 - 请求成功
• 301 - 资源（网页等）被永久转移到其它URL
• 404 - 请求的资源（网页等）不存在
• 500 - 内部服务器错误

Content-Type的作用：

决定浏览器采用何种方式对响应体进行处理

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

...

response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=utf-8");

请求转发和重定向

多个Servlet（jsp）之间跳转有两种方式：

• request.getRequestDispatcher.forward():请求转发，是服务器跳转，只会产生一次，语句：request.getRequestDispatcher("/direct/index").forward(request, response);
• response.rendRedirect():响应重定向，是浏览器的跳转，会产生两次请求。语句是：response.sendRedirect("/servlet-advance/direct/index");

请求转发代码：

CheckLoginServlet.java

package com.ulikeme.direct;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CheckLoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/direct/check")
public class CheckLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public CheckLoginServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("用户登录成功");
		request.setAttribute("username", "admin");
//		请求转发
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/direct/index").forward(request, response);
		
//		响应重定向，需要增加contextPath
//		response.sendRedirect("/servlet-advance/direct/index");
	}

	

}

IndexServlet.java

package com.ulikeme.direct;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class IndexServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/direct/index")
public class IndexServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public IndexServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String username=(String)request.getAttribute("username");
		response.getWriter().println("<h1>this is index,my name is "+username+"</h1>");
	}

}

访问：http://localhost:9999/servlet-advance/direct/check

修改上述代码实现，响应重定向：

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("用户登录成功");
//		请求转发
//		request.getRequestDispatcher("/direct/index").forward(request, response);
		
//		响应重定向，需要增加contextPath
		response.sendRedirect("/servlet-advance/direct/index");
	}

访问：http://localhost:9999/servlet-advance/direct/check

设置请求的自定义属性

• 设置请求属性：request.setAttribut(属性名，属性值);
• 获取请求属性：Object attr=request.getAttribute(属性名);