Male | Meaning | Female | Meaning | Relationship | Meaning |
father | somebody's male parent | mother | somebody's female parent | parent | somebody's father or mother |
son | somebody's male child | daughter | somebody's female child | child | somebody's son or daughter |
husband | the man who a woman is married to | wife | the woman who a man is married to | spouse | somebody married to another person; husband or wife |
brother | a boy or man who has the same parents as another person | sister | a girl or woman who has the same parents as another person | sibling | a brother or sister |
elder brother | a brother who is older than you | elder sister | a sister who is older than you | sibling | |
younger brother | brother who is younger than you | younger sister | sister who is younger than you | sibling | |
grandfather | somebody's parent's father | grandmother | somebody's parent's mother | grandparents | somebody's parent's parent |
great grandfather | a father of your grandparent |
great grandmother | a mother of your grandparent | great grandparents | somebody's grandparent's parent |
grandson | somebody's son's or daughter's son | granddaughter | somebody's son's or daughter's daughter | grandchild | somebody's son's or daughter's child |
uncle | somebody's mother's or father's brother; your aunt's husband | aunt | somebody's mother's or father's sister; your uncle's wife | parent's sibling | parent's brother or sister |
nephew | somebody's brother's or sister's son; your husband's or wife's brother's or sister's son | niece | somebody's brother's or sister's daughter; your husband's or wife's brother's or sister's daughter | sibling's child | somebody's brother or sister‘s child |
cousin | somebody's parent's brother's or sister's child; somebody's aunt's or uncle's child | cousin | somebody's parent's brother's or sister's child; somebody's aunt's or uncle's child | aunt's/uncle's child | |
stepfather | your mother's husband (not your real father) |
stepmother | your father's wife (not your real mother) | step-parents | a parent who is married to the father or mother of a child, but who is not that child's own father or mother; |
stepson | your spouse's son (from an earlier marriage) |
stepdaughter | your spouse's daughter (from an earlier marriage) | stepchild | the child of your husband or wife from a previous marriage |
stepbrother | your stepfather's or stepmother's son (at least one of your parents is different) |
stepsister | your stepfather's or stepmother's daughter (at least one of your parents is different) | step siblings | a child of your stepfather or stepmother with another person who is not your parent |
half-brother | a brother who is the son of only one of your parents | half-sister | a sister who is the daughter of only one of your parents | half sibilings | the child of one's parent, but only one parent. |
father-in-law | your spouse's father |
mother-in-law | your spouse's mother | parent-in-law | the parents of your husband or wife |
brother-in-law | your spouse's brother |
sister-in-law | your spouse's sister | Sibling-in-law | the husband of your sister or brother, or the brother of your husband or wife, or the man who is married to the sister or brother of your wife or husband |
son-in-law | your daughter's husband |
daughter-in-law | your son's wife | child-in-law | a spouse of one's child; a son-in-law or daughter-in-law |
boyfriend | a boy or man that a girl or woman goes out with |
girlfriend | a girl or woman that a boy or man goes out with | ||
widower | a man whose wife has died |
widow | a woman whose husband has died | ||
bachelor | a man who has never been married |
spinster | a woman who has never been married |
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直系亲属Immediate family
主要指parents 父母、siblings 兄弟姐妹、spouses 配偶和children 子女
近亲亲属extended family
主要指Grandparents 祖父母、Aunts and uncles 叔姨伯姑、Cousins 堂表兄弟姐妹、in-law 姻亲
另外
奶奶、外婆的亲昵叫法granny、nana、grandma;爷爷、外公的亲昵叫法grandad、grandpa等。
要想分清楚到底是爸爸那边还是妈妈那边的祖父母,就可以用“on ... side”的表达,比如姥姥My grandmother on my mom's side:
曾祖父母是great-grandparents。舅老爷、姑老爷是great-uncle,伯祖母、姑姥姥是great-aunt。
可以继续在前面加great-,表示再上一辈的祖父母,比如曾曾曾爷爷great-great-great-grandfather
曾孙子、曾孙女great-grandchildren,
叔伯姑姑是paternal aunt/uncle,姨妈舅舅就是maternal aunt/uncle。
cousins通常指的是first cousins,即堂(表)兄弟姐妹。
Second cousin,第二代堂(表)兄妹,是你父母的堂(表)兄弟姐妹的孩子。
Third cousin,第三代堂(表)兄妹,就是你祖父母的堂(表)兄弟姐妹的孩子。
亲兄弟姐妹(siblings)的子女叫做nephew(侄子、外甥)和niece(侄女、外甥女)。