Linux程序设计：信号量、共享内存和消息队列

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-29 21:58:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-29 21:58:18 发布

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分类专栏： Linux程序设计文章标签： linux 算法运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liang123l/article/details/135771206

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信号量

代码示例：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>

#include "semun.h"

int main(int argc,char *argvp[]){

    int i ;
    int pause_time ;
    char op_char ='O' ;

    srand((unsigned int)getpid());

    sem_id = semget((key_t)1234,1,0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if(argc > 1){
        if(!set_semvalue()){
            fprintf(stderr,"Failed to initialize semaphore . \n");
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        op_char = 'X' ;
        sleep(2);
    }

    for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++)  {
      if( !semaphore_p()){
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      pause_time = rand() %3 ;
      sleep(pause_time);

      printf("%c",op_char);
      fflush(stdout);

      if(!semaphore_v()){
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      pause_time = rand() %2 ;
      sleep(pause_time);
    }

    printf("\n%d - finished\n",getpid());
    
    if(argc >1){
        sleep(10);
        del_semvalue();
    }
    
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}


static int set_semvalue(void) {
    union semun s ;
    s.val = 1 ;
    if(semctl(sem_id,0,SETVAL,s ) == -1){
        return (0);
    }
    return(1);
    
}
static int del_semvalue(void){
    union semun sem_union ;

    if(semctl(sem_id,0,IPC_RMID,sem_union) == -1){
        fprintf(stderr,"Failed to delete semaphore \n ");
        return (0);
    }
    return (1);
}

static int semaphore_p(void){
    struct sembuf sem_b ;
    sem_b.sem_num = 0 ;
    sem_b.sem_op = -1 ;
    sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO ;
    
    if(semop(sem_id,&sem_b,1 ) == -1){
        fprintf(stderr,"semaphore_p failed  \n ");
        return (0);
    }
    return (1);
}

static int semaphore_v(void){
    struct sembuf sem_b ; 
    
    sem_b.sem_num = 0 ;
    sem_b.sem_op = 1 ;
    sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO ;

    if(semop(sem_id,&sem_b,1) == -1){
        fprintf(stderr,"semaphore_v failed  \n ");
        return (0);
    }
    return (1);
}

共享内存

共享内存有两种方式，即 shm（shared memory）和 mmap 方式。前者直接共享物理内存，后者通过一个中间文件间接共享内存。

利用mmap实现内存文件映射，代码示例：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct {

   int integer ;
   char string[4] ;
}RECORD ;

#define NRECORDS (100)

int main(){
  
  RECORD record,*mapped ;
  int i,f ;

  f=open("records.dat",O_RDWR);
  mapped = (RECORD*)mmap(0,NRECORDS * sizeof(record),PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,f,0);
  
 // 读到第43条数据 ，并且重新赋值 
  mapped[43].integer = 111111 ;
  printf("save3 -%d,",mapped[43].integer);

  // 在该内存修改写回被映射的文件 
  msync((void*)mapped,NRECORDS*sizeof(record),MS_ASYNC);
  // 释放内存 
  munmap((void*)mapped,NRECORDS*sizeof(record));

  close(f);  
  exit(0);	

}

shm（shared memory）共享物理内存，代码示例：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include"shm_com.h"


int main(){
    int running = 1 ;
    void *shared_memory  = (void *)0 ;
    struct share_use_st *shared_stuff ;
    int shmid ;

    srand((unsigned int) getpid());
    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct share_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);
    if(shmid == -1){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmget failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void *)0,0);
    if(shared_memory == (void*)-1 ){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Memory attached at %p\n",shared_memory);

    shared_stuff = (struct share_use_st*)shared_memory ;
    shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0 ;
    while (running)
    {
        if(shared_stuff ->written_by_you){
            printf("You wrote : %s",shared_stuff->some_text);
            sleep(rand() % 4);
            shared_stuff->written_by_you = 0 ;
            if(strncmp(shared_stuff->some_text,"end",3) == 0){
                running = 0 ;
            }
        }
    }

    if(shmdt(shared_memory) ==-1){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmdt failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(shmctl(shmid,IPC_CREAT,0) ==-1){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmctl (IPC_CREAT)  failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);  
}

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include"shm_com.h"


int main(){
    int running = 1 ;
    void *shared_memory  = (void*)0 ;
    struct share_use_st *shared_stuff ;
    char buffer[BUFSIZ] ;

    int shmid ;


    shmid = shmget((key_t)1234,sizeof(struct share_use_st),0666|IPC_CREAT);
    if(shmid == -1){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmget failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    shared_memory = shmat(shmid,(void*)0,0);
    if(shared_memory == (void*)-1 ){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmat failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Memory attached at %p\n",shared_memory);

    shared_stuff = (struct share_use_st*)shared_memory ;

    while (running)
    {
        while (shared_stuff ->written_by_you ==1)
        {
           sleep(1);
           printf("waiting for client ...\n");
        }
         printf("Enter some text :");
         fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
         strncpy(shared_stuff->some_text,buffer,TEXT_SZ);
         shared_stuff->written_by_you = 1 ;

         if(strncmp(buffer,"end",3) ==0){
            running = 0 ;
         }
    }

    if(shmdt(shared_memory) ==-1){
        fprintf(stderr,"shmdt failed \n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }


    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);  
}

消息队列

从队列读取数据，代码示例：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
#include<errno.h>

struct my_msg_st {
    long int my_msg_type ;
    char some_text[BUFSIZ];
};

int main(){

   int running = 1 ;
   int msgid ;
   struct my_msg_st some_data ;
   long int msg_to_receive = 0  ;

   msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666|IPC_CREAT); 
   if(msgid ==-1){
    fprintf(stderr,"msgget fialed with error : %d\n",errno);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   while (running) {
    
      if(msgrcv(msgid,(void*)&some_data,BUFSIZ,msg_to_receive,0) ==-1){
        fprintf(stderr,"msgrcv failed with error :%d\n",errno);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      printf("You wrote : %s",some_data.some_text);
      if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3) ==0){
        running = 0 ;
      }
   }
   
   if(msgctl(msgid,IPC_CREAT,0) ==-1){
       fprintf(stderr,"msgctl(IPC_CREAT) failed \n");
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
}

输入数据带队列，代码示例：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
#include<errno.h>

#define MAX_TEXT 512 

struct my_msg_st {
    long int my_msg_type ;
    char some_text[MAX_TEXT];
};

int main(){

   int running = 1 ;

   struct my_msg_st some_data ;
   
   int msgid ;
   char buffer[BUFSIZ];

   msgid = msgget((key_t)1234,0666|IPC_CREAT); 
   if(msgid ==-1){
    fprintf(stderr,"msgget fialed with error : %d\n",errno);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   while (running) {
      printf("Enter some text :");
      fgets(buffer,BUFSIZ,stdin);
      some_data.my_msg_type = 1 ;
      
      strcpy(some_data.some_text,buffer);

      if(msgsnd(msgid,(void*)&some_data,MAX_TEXT,0) ==-1){
        fprintf(stderr,"msgsnd failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      if(strncmp(buffer,"end",3) ==0){ 
         running = 0 ;
      }
   }
   

   exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
}