Python解包技巧

 

1. 掐头去尾取中间

假如有一组成绩， 我们想去掉第一个和最后一个成绩， 然后计算中间成绩的总数：

def drop_first_last(grades):
    first, *middle, last = grades
    print(f'middle grades are: {middle}')
    sum_mid_grades = sum(middle)
    print(f'sum of all the grades in middle: {sum_mid_grades}')
    return sum_mid_grades


grades = [10, 2, 3, 4, 50]
drop_first_last(grades)

运行结果： 

middle grades are: [2, 3, 4]
sum of all the grades in middle: 9

2. 取尾几个

假如有个列表按顺序存的是名字，邮箱，若干个电话号码，我们只想取出全部的电话号码：

record = ('Dave', 'dave@example.com', '773-555-1212', '847-555-1212')
name, email, *phone_numbers = record

print(f'name: {name} \n'
      f'email: {email} \n'
      f'phone_numbers: {phone_numbers}')

name: Dave 
email: dave@example.com 
phone_numbers: ['773-555-1212', '847-555-1212']

Note:

不管解包出数据, phone_numbers: ['773-555-1212', '847-555-1212'] 永远都是一个列表， 即使是零个

3. 去尾

假如有一组按月份排列的销售数据， 我们想计算除当前月份外其他月份的平均销售额， 那就要去掉当前月份也就是最后一个数据：

def cal_pre_avg_sales(sales_record):
    *previous_month, current_month = sales_record
    previous_avg = sum(previous_month)/len(previous_month)
    return previous_avg


sales_record = [100, 400, 545, 1100, 599, 1000]
print(cal_pre_avg_sales(sales_record))

4. 丢掉一些数据

record = ('ACME', 50, 123.45, (12, 18, 2012)) 
name, *_, (*_, year) = record ​​​​​​​