解包(unpacking)是指将一个容器(如列表、元组、字典、集合等)中的元素分别赋值给多个变量的过程。
1、列表解包:
list = [1, 2, 3]
a, b, c = list
print(a, b, c) # 输出:1 2 3
list = [1, 2, [3, 4, 5]]
a, b, c = list
print(a, b, c) # 输出:1 2 [3, 4, 5]
2、元组解包:
tuple = (1, 2, 3)
a, b, c = tuple # 等号左边的变量个数必须等于元组的元素总数
print(a, b, c) # 输出:1 2 3
tuple = (1, 2, (3, 4, 5))
a, b, c = tuple
print(a, b, c) # 输出:1 2 (3, 4, 5)
3、字典解包:
dic = {"disease": "T2DM",
"age": "50"}
disease, age = dic.items()
print(disease) # 输出:('disease', 'T2DM')
print(age) # 输出:('age', '50')
4、集合解包:
s = {1, 2, 3}
a, b, c = s
print(a, b, c) # 输出:1 2 3