C++学习小总结:赋值与复制, 函数返回值, 二元运算符重载

1.赋值与复制

c++中调用拷贝构造函数的情形大概有三种:BOX newbox = mybox或者BOX newbox(mybox), 函数传参以及返回值返回对象时

而赋值则是对已经存在的同类对象之间用赋值符号"="

相关的博客为:https://www.cnblogs.com/NongSi-Net/p/4262265.html

2.函数return的机制

以前学习c语言的时候虽然了解return的机制, 但是没能通过代码的角度真正观察到, 现在学习了c++的this指针，可以一看究竟

总结一下:函数return的时候会先开辟一块临时内存, 把返回值拷贝到临时内存中, 再把临时内存中的返回值拷贝到接收函数返回值的内存中, 完成之后临时内存销毁

3.以下代码时学习过程中的记录

【注意】:-fno-elide-constructors是防止g++编译器优化, 能让我们看到return时拷贝构造函数的调用

root@ubuntu:/lianxi/lianxi_c++/chongzai# g++ -fno-elide-constructors erYuanChongZai.cpp -o b.out
root@ubuntu:/lianxi/lianxi_c++/chongzai# ./b.out
call constructor this = 0xbfe4fd08
this->length = 15 this->width = 15 this = 0xbfe4fd08
call constructor this = 0xbfe4fd18
this->length = 5 this->width = 5 this = 0xbfe4fd18
call copy-constructor this = 0xbfe4fd10
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fd18
call constructor this = 0xbfe4fd20
this->length = 7 this->width = 8 this = 0xbfe4fd20
&box1 = 0xbfe4fd08
&box2 = 0xbfe4fd10
&box3 = 0xbfe4fd20
calling overload Func this = 0xbfe4fd08
call constructor this = 0xbfe4fcd8
this->length = 1 this->width = 3 this = 0xbfe4fcd8
call copy-constructor this = 0xbfe4fcd0
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fcd8
call overload Func over!
call copy-constructor this = 0xbfe4fd28
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fcd0
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fd28
area:225
area:25
area:9
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fd20
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fd10
call destroyer this = 0xbfe4fd08
root@ubuntu:/lianxi/lianxi_c++/chongzai# 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class BOX
{
	private:
		int length;
		int width;
	public:
		/*constructor*/
		BOX(int len = 0, int wid = 0):length(len), width(wid)
		{
			cout << "call constructor this = " << this <<endl;
			cout << "this->length = " << this->length << " this->width = " << this->width << " this = " << this << endl; 
			//cout << "\n";
		}

		/*copy-constructor*/
		BOX(const BOX &someBox)
		{
			cout << "call copy-constructor this = " << this <<endl;
			//cout << "\n";
			this->length = someBox.length;
			this->width = someBox.width;
		}

		/*destroyer*/
		~BOX(void)
		{
			cout << "call destroyer this = " << this << endl;
			//cout << "\n";
		}

		void getArea(void)
		{
			cout << "area:" << (this->length) * (this->width) << endl;
			//cout << "\n";
			return;
		}

		/*overload "/"*/
		BOX operator /(BOX &someBox)
		{
			cout << "calling overload Func this = " << this <<endl;
			//cout << "\n";
			//BOX tempBox;
			BOX tempBox = BOX(1, 3);
			tempBox.length = (this->length) / (someBox.length);
			tempBox.width = (this->width) / (someBox.width);
			cout << "call overload Func over!" << endl;
			//cout << "\n";
			return (tempBox);
		}
		
};

int main(void)
{
	BOX box1(15, 15);
	BOX box2 = BOX(5, 5);
	BOX box3(7, 8);
	cout << "&box1 = " << &box1 << endl;
	cout << "&box2 = " << &box2 << endl;
	cout << "&box3 = " << &box3 << endl;
	//cout << "\n";

	box3 = box1 / box2;
	
	box1.getArea();
	box2.getArea();
	box3.getArea();

	return 0;
}