Android测试基础整理篇

Android test framework

转载请注明来自：http://blog.csdn.net/liaoqianchuan00/article/details/23032357

1.  基本

1.  常用Assertions

l   assertEquals

l   assertFalse


l   assertNotNull

l   assertNotSame

l   assertNull

l   assertSame

l   assertTrue

l   fail

 

2.  自定义输出语句

public void testMax() { final int a = 1; final int b = 2; final int expected = b; final int actual = Math.max(a, b); assertEquals("Expection " + expected + " but was " + actual, expected,   actual); }

3.   控件Assertions

l   assertBaselineAligned: Asserts that two views arealigned on their baseline, that is their baselines are on the same y location.

l   assertBottomAligned: Asserts that two views arebottom aligned, that is their bottom edges are on the same y location.

l   assertGroupContains: Asserts that the specifiedgroup contains a specific child once and only once.

l   assertGroupIntegrity: Asserts the specified group'sintegrity. The children count should be >= 0 and each child should benon-null.

l   assertGroupNotContains: Asserts that the specifiedgroup does not contain a specific child.

l   assertHasScreenCoordinates: Asserts that a view hasa particular x and y position on the visible screen.

l   assertHorizontalCenterAligned: Asserts that the testview is horizontally center aligned with respect to the reference view.

l   assertLeftAligned: Asserts that two views are leftaligned, that is their left edges are on the same x location. An optionalmargin can also be provided.

l   assertOffScreenAbove: Asserts that the specifiedview is above the visible screen.

l   assertOffScreenBelow: Asserts that the specifiedview is below the visible screen.

l   assertOnScreen: Asserts that a view is on thescreen.

l   assertRightAligned: Asserts that two views areright-aligned, that is their right edges are on the same x location. Anoptional margin can also be specified.

l   assertTopAligned: Asserts that two views aretop-aligned, that is their top edges are on the same y location. An optionalmargin can also be specified.

l   assertVerticalCenterAligned: Asserts that the testview is vertically center aligned with respect to the reference view.

 

4.  TouchUtils

l   Clicking on a View and releasing it

l   Tapping on a View, that is touching it and quicklyreleasing

l   Long clicking on a View

l   Dragging the screen

 

 

 

public void testListScrolling() {        mListView.scrollTo(0, 0);        TouchUtils.dragQuarterScreenUp(this, mActivity);        TouchUtils.dragQuarterScreenUp(this, mActivity);        TouchUtils.dragQuarterScreenUp(this, mActivity);        TouchUtils.dragQuarterScreenUp(this, mActivity);        TouchUtils.tapView(this, mListView);        final int expectedItemPosition = 6;        final int actualItemPosition =          mListView.getFirstVisiblePosition();        assertEquals("Wrong position",          expectedItemPosition, actualItemPosition);        final String expected = "Anguilla";        final String actual = mListView.getAdapter().          getItem(expectedItemPosition).toString();        assertEquals("Wrong content", actual, expected); }

 

5.  Mock对象

l   MockApplication: A mock implementation of the Application class. All methods arenon-functional and throw UnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockContentProvider: A mock implementation of ContentProvider. All methods arenon-functional and throw UnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockContentResolver: A mock implementation of the ContentResolver class that isolatesthe test code from the real content system. All methods are non-functional andthrow UnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockContext: A mock Context class. This can be used to inject otherdependencies. All methods are non-functional and throwUnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockCursor: A mock Cursor class that isolates the test code from real Cursorimplementation. All methods are non-functional and throwUnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockDialogInterface: A mock implementation of DialogInterface class. All methods arenon-functional and throw UnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockPackageManager: A mock implementation of PackageManager class. All methods arenon-functional and throw UnsupportedOperationException.

l   MockResources: A mock Resources class. All methods are non-functional and throw UnsupportedOperationException.

2.  框架结构

1     AndroidTestCase

 

当你需要用到Activity Context的时候就使用这个类，比如Resources，database，file system，你可以是用mContext来是用context。你可以用ontext.startActivity()来启动多个Activity。

有很多个testcase继承自这个类：

l   ApplicationTestCase<T extends Application>

l   ProviderTestCase2<T extends ContentProvider>

l  ServiceTestCase<T extends Service>

 

2     Instrumentation

这个是用来监视Activity和Application的，你可以用它来控制Activity的生命周期和用户交互事件。

 

l   我们可以是用Instrumentation.ActivityMonitor来监测一个Activity。例如：

public void testFollowLink() { final Instrumentation inst = getInstrumentation(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intentFilter.addDataScheme("http"); intentFilter.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_BROWSABLE); ActivityMonitor monitor = inst.addMonitor( IntentFilter, null, false); assertEquals(0, monitor.getHits()); TouchUtils.clickView(this, mLink);              monitor.waitForActivityWithTimeout(5000); assertEquals(1, monitor.getHits()); inst.removeMonitor(monitor); }

 

l   使用Instrumentation来测试activities，它的生命周期的函数不会自动调用，只有onCreate方法会自动调用，你可以调用其他的生命周期通过getInstrumentation().callActivityOnXXX。

3     InstrumentationTestCase

它的子类：

l   ActivityTestCase

l   ProviderTestCase2<T extends ContentProvider>

l   SingleLaunchActivityTestCase<T extends Activity>

l   SyncBaseInstrumentation

l   ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<T extends Activity>

l   ActivityUnitTestCase<T extends Activity>

 

注意：android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase从Android1.5开始已经不建议使用了，可以是用android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2替代。

 

3.  例子程序

1.  被测试程序

package com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity;   import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View;   public class MainActivity extends Activity {     @Override   protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);   }     public void onClick(View view) {     Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);     intent.putExtra("URL", "http://www.vogella.com");     startActivity(intent);   } }

 

 

2.  单元测试

package com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.test;   import android.content.Intent; import android.test.TouchUtils; import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest; import android.widget.Button;   import com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.MainActivity;   public class MainActivityUnitTest extends     android.test.ActivityUnitTestCase<MainActivity> {     private int buttonId;   private MainActivity activity;     public MainActivityUnitTest() {     super(MainActivity.class);   }   @Override   protected void setUp() throws Exception {     super.setUp();     Intent intent = new Intent(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(),         MainActivity.class);     startActivity(intent, null, null);     activity = getActivity();   }     public void testLayout() {     buttonId = com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.R.id.button1;     assertNotNull(activity.findViewById(buttonId));     Button view = (Button) activity.findViewById(buttonId);     assertEquals("Incorrect label of the button", "Start", view.getText());   }     public void testIntentTriggerViaOnClick() {     buttonId = com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.R.id.button1;     Button view = (Button) activity.findViewById(buttonId);     assertNotNull("Button not allowed to be null", view);       view.performClick();         // TouchUtils cannot be used, only allowed in     // InstrumentationTestCase or ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2       // Check the intent which was started     Intent triggeredIntent = getStartedActivityIntent();     assertNotNull("Intent was null", triggeredIntent);     String data = triggeredIntent.getExtras().getString("URL");       assertEquals("Incorrect data passed via the intent",         "http://www.vogella.com", data);   }   }

 

3.  功能测试

package com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.test;   import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Instrumentation; import android.app.Instrumentation.ActivityMonitor; import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2; import android.test.TouchUtils; import android.test.ViewAsserts; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView;   import com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.R;   import com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.MainActivity; import com.vogella.android.test.simpleactivity.SecondActivity;   public class MainActivityFunctionalTest extends     ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {     private MainActivity activity;     public MainActivityFunctionalTest() {     super(MainActivity.class);   }   @Override   protected void setUp() throws Exception {     super.setUp();     setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);     activity = getActivity();   }     public void testStartSecondActivity() throws Exception {                 // add monitor to check for the second activity     ActivityMonitor monitor =         getInstrumentation().           addMonitor(SecondActivity.class.getName(), null, false);       // find button and click it     Button view = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button1);         // TouchUtils handles the sync with the main thread internally     TouchUtils.clickView(this, view);       // to click on a click, e.g., in a listview     // listView.getChildAt(0);       // wait 2 seconds for the start of the activity     SecondActivity startedActivity = (SecondActivity) monitor         .waitForActivityWithTimeout(2000);     assertNotNull(startedActivity);       // search for the textView     TextView textView = (TextView) startedActivity.findViewById(R.id.resultText);         // check that the TextView is on the screen     ViewAsserts.assertOnScreen(startedActivity.getWindow().getDecorView(),         textView);     // validate the text on the TextView     assertEquals("Text incorrect", "Started", textView.getText().toString());         // press back and click again     this.sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK);         TouchUtils.clickView(this, view);   } }

 

 

Robotium

从https://code.google.com/p/robotium/wiki/RobotiumTutorials下载例子程序

 

public void testDisplayWhiteBox() {                 //Defining our own values to multiply               float vFirstNumber = 10;               float vSecondNumber = 20;               float vResutl = vFirstNumber * vSecondNumber ;                             //Access First value (edit-filed) and putting firstNumber value in it               EditText vFirstEditText = (EditText) solo.getView(R.id.EditText01);               solo.clearEditText(vFirstEditText);               solo.enterText(vFirstEditText, String.valueOf(vFirstNumber));                             //Access Second value (edit-filed) and putting SecondNumber value in it               EditText vSecondEditText = (EditText) solo.getView(R.id.EditText02);               solo.clearEditText(vSecondEditText);               solo.enterText(vSecondEditText, String.valueOf(vSecondNumber));                             //Click on Multiply button               solo.clickOnButton("Multiply");                             assertTrue(solo.searchText(String.valueOf(vResutl)));                                        TextView outputField = (TextView) solo.getView(R.id.TextView01);                         //Assert to verify result with visible value               assertEquals(String.valueOf(vResutl), outputField.getText().toString());        }

 

参考地址：

https://code.google.com/p/robotium/

 

https://code.google.com/p/robotium/wiki/RobotiumTutorials

 

1     简介

Robotium是一款国外的Android自动化测试框架，主要针对Android平台的应用进行黑盒自动化测试，它提供了模拟各种手势操作（点击、长按、滑动等）、查找和断言机制的API，能够对各种控件进行操作。Robotium结合Android官方提供的测试框架达到对应用程序进行自动化的测试。另外，Robotium 4.0版本已经支持对WebView的操作。Robotium 对Activity，Dialog，Toast，Menu 都是支持的。

 

类似于selenium。

 

2     API

Solo类中提供了自动点击、取得、拖拽、搜索等各种方法。 声明Solo类型的成员变量privateSolo solo;  

 

Activity&Fragment

assertCurrentActivity(text,Activity.class)- Ensure that the current activity equals the second parameter.

getCurrentActivity() .getFragmentManager().findFragmentById()-S earches for a fragment.

waitForActivity(SecondActivity.class,2000)- Waits for the specified activity for 2 seconds

点击 

clickOnButton(int)—Clickson a Button with a given index.

clickOnButton(String)—Clickson a Button with a given text. clickOnCheckBox(int)—Clicks on a CheckBox with agiven index.  clickOnView(View)—Clicks ona given View.  

clickOnText(String)—Clickson a View displaying a given text. clickLongOnText(String)—Long clicks on agiven View. clickOnRadioButton(int)—Clicks on a RadioButton with a given index.clickOnScreen(float, float)—Clicks on a given coordinate on the screen.

clickInList(x);-Click on item number x in a ListView

clickOnSearch-Allows to click on part of the screen.

pressSpinnerItem(0,2);-Presses an item in a Spinner

sendKey(Solo.MENU);-Sends the menu key event.

goBack()-Pressthe back button

取得 

getCurrentActivity()—Returnsthe current Activity.  

GetText(String)—Returnsa TextView which shows a given text. 

getView(int)—Returnsa View with a given id.  

getEditText(String)—Returnsan EditText which shows a given text.  getImage(int)—Returns an ImageView with a given index. 

 

拖拽

drag(float,float, float, float, int)—Simulate touching a given location and dragging it toa new location.

 

搜索

searchText(String)—Searchesfor a text string and returns true if at least one item is found with theexpected text.

searchEditText(String)—Searchesfor a text string in the EditText objects located in the current Activity.   S

earchButton(String,boolean)—Searches for a Button with the given text string and returns true ifat least one Button is found.

waitForText(text)

输入

enterText()-Entersa text.

 

界面判断

isCheckBoxChecked()-Checksif the checkbox is checked.

 

截屏

takeScreenshot()-Savesa screenshot on the device inthe /sdcard/Robotium-Screenshots/ folder. Requiresthe android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission in theAndroidManifest.xml ofthe application under test.

 

 

 

4.  QA

1.    在不知道ID的情况下怎么获取特定的view？

答：例如，ArrayList<TextView> aa = solo.getCurrentViews(TextView.class)， 然后断点调试查看是哪个view，TextViewtextview = aa.get(5);

 

2.    如何滚动和拖动？

答：solo.scrollXXX();solo.drag(初始X坐标,目标X坐标,Y,toY,步数); X，Y坐标可以通过HierarchyViewer工具获得，也可以通过Year.getLocationOnScreen(zuobiao)。

 

3.    Robotium和robolectric区别？

答：Robotium是通过ui线程进行测试，一般用于对应传统的集成或系统测试；

Robolectric 是单元测试框架，好处是第一运行在JVM上，速度、性能高；

解决了Android自身因为环境问题的缺点以及减少了许多用Mock的地方。

 

4． 如何识别webview对象？

答：可以根据XPATH来进行点击和输入

solo.clickOnWebElement(By.xpath(text));

solo.enterTextInWebElement(By.xpath(text),s);

或者根据ID来获取

solo.clickOnWebElement(By.id(text));

solo.enterTextInWebElement(By.id(text), s);

 

 

Mockito

1.  简介

流行的mock框架

 

# jMock

http://jmock.org/

# EasyMock

http://easymock.org/

# Mockito

http://code.google.com/p/mockito/

 

使用Mockito不能用在下面的情况：

final classes

anonymous classes

primitive types

 

2.  使用方法

when(....).thenReturn(....)

或者

doReturn(object).when(kdskfsk).methodCall

 

 

使用verify来保证方法被调用到了

 

例如：

 

@Test public void test1()  {   MyClass test = Mockito.mock(MyClass.class);   // define return value for method getUniqueId()   test.when(test.getUniqueId()).thenReturn(43);     // TODO use mock in test....     // now check if method testing was called with the parameter 12   Mockito.verify(test).testing(Matchers.eq(12));     // was the method called twice?   Mockito.verify(test, Mockito.times(2));     }

 

3.  Mock和Spy的区别

如果你mock了一个类，那么这个类的所有的函数都被Mockito改写了（如果是没有返回值的函数，则什么都不作，如果是有返回值，会返回默认值，比如布尔型的话返回false，List的话会返回一个空的列表，int的话会返回0等等），如果你Spy了一个类，那么所有的函数都没有被改变，除了那些被你打过桩的函数。看例子：

 

public class TestServiceImpl  {      public int getOrderCounts()      {          return 10;      }  }  @Test      public void MockVsSpy()      {          TestServiceImpl service = mock(TestServiceImpl.class);          //输出0，因为该函数被Mockito改写了          System.out.println("Order counts of mock object" + service.getOrderCounts());          when(service.getOrderCounts()).thenReturn(2);          //输出2， 因为我们给这个函数打了桩          System.out.println("Order counts of mock object AFTER stubs " + service.getOrderCounts());                    service = new TestServiceImpl();          service = spy(service);          //输出10， 因为Mockito spy 不会改写已有的函数          System.out.println("Order counts of spy object" + service.getOrderCounts());          when(service.getOrderCounts()).thenReturn(2);          //输出2， 因为我们给这个函数打了桩          System.out.println("Order counts of spy object AFTER stubs " + service.getOrderCounts());      }

 

4.    如何写自定义的参数匹配器

看例子

public class Account  {      private String    name;      private String    adddress;        public Account(String name, String address)      {          this.name = name;          this.adddress = address;      }      ...get/set 函数  }  public interface AccountDao  {      public void addAccount(Account a);  }    public class AccountServiceImpl  {      AccountDao dao;            public AccountServiceImpl(AccountDao dao)      {          this.dao = dao;      }            public void addAccount(String name, String address)      {          dao.addAccount(new Account(name, address));      }  }      public class AccountServiceImplTest  {      @Test      public void addAccount()      {          AccountDao dao = mock(AccountDao.class);          AccountServiceImpl service = new AccountServiceImpl(dao);                    service.addAccount("obama", "white house");                    verify(dao).addAccount(new Account("obama", "white house"));      }  }

上面的例子会失败，因为Mockito在做参数匹配时是根据equals函数的结果来判断两个参数是不是一样的。而我们的Account类并没有对equals作特殊的实现，所以会失败。修正的方法有三个，一个是改写Account类的equals函数。一个是用Mockito的反射相等匹配，就是把最后一句改成。

 

verify(dao).addAccount(refEq(new Account("obama", "white house")));

 

最后一种方法是写一个自定义的参数匹配器，如果Account的代码不是你控制的，那么你就只能选这种方法了。这时候最后一句要改成这样：

verify(dao).addAccount(argThat(new ArgumentMatcher<Account>()          {              @Override              public boolean matches(Object argument)              {                  Account person = (Account)argument;                  return person.getName().equals("obama") && person.getAddress().equals("white house") ? true : false;              }          }));

 

在Android中使用Mockito：

需要下载下面3个库文件。

http://dexmaker.googlecode.com/files/dexmaker-1.0.jar

http://dexmaker.googlecode.com/files/dexmaker-mockito-1.0.jar

https://code.google.com/p/mockito/