WCF中定义3种消息交换模式: 1. Request/Reply; 2. One-Way; 3. Duplex。
Request/Reply 是缺省模式,即同步调用。在调用服务方法后需要等待服务的消息返回,即便该方法返回 void 类型。
One-Way 这种方式在调用方法后会立即返回。需要注意的是 One-Way 不能用在非void,或者包含 out/ref 参数的方法上,会导致抛出 InvalidOperationException 异常。
Duplex 又称为双工通信,实现起来比前两种来说要稍微复杂些。(1) ServiceContract 中指定 Callback类型; (2) 对于回调操作,指定[OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)] ; (3) 服务契约中通过 OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel 来获得客户端 Callback 实例。
另外,在WCF预定义绑定类型中,WSDualHttpBinding和NetTcpBinding均提供了对双工通信的支持,但是两者在对双工通信的实现机制上却有本质的区别。WSDualHttpBinding是基于HTTP传输协议的;而HTTP协议本身是基于请求-回复的传输协议,基于HTTP的通道本质上都是单向的。WSDualHttpBinding实际上创建了两个通道,一个用于客户端向服务端的通信,而另一个则用于服务端到客户端的通信,从而间接地提供了双工通信的实现。而NetTcpBinding完全基于支持双工通信的TCP协议。
接下来,介绍如何用WCF的Duplex消息交换实现服务端对客户端的广播。
1. 定义服务契约 (创建WCF Service Library工程:WcfDuplexMessageService)
- using System.ServiceModel;
- namespace WcfDuplexMessageService
- {
- [ServiceContract(CallbackContract=typeof(IClient))]
- public interface IMessageService
- {
- [OperationContract]
- void RegisterClient();
- }
- public interface IClient
- {
- [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
- void SendMessage(string message);
- }
- }
(1) 定义的IClient用于客户端回调。
(2) 定义的RegisterClient()用于将客户端回调实例注册到服务端
2. 实现服务(工程WcfDuplexMessageService)
(1) 为了所有客户端都注册到一个服务对象上,所以定义服务端为Singleton实例模式:
InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.Single (Singleton的实例在服务Host启动即实例化)
(2) 定义了一个static的List<IClient>统一保存客户端回调实例,并公开为Property,便于ServerUI能访问。
(3) 为了防止广播时不会因为客户端关闭而导致服务端异常,监听了Channel.Closing事件
客户端关闭(Channel被关闭)时就会触发这个事件,在此事件处理中移除该客户端回调实例。
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.ServiceModel;
- namespace WcfDuplexMessageService
- {
- [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)]
- public class MessageService : IMessageService, IDisposable
- {
- public static List<IClient> ClientCallbackList { get; set; }
- public MessageService()
- {
- ClientCallbackList = new List<IClient>();
- }
- public void RegisterClient()
- {
- var client = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<IClient>();
- var id = OperationContext.Current.SessionId;
- Console.WriteLine("{0} registered.", id);
- OperationContext.Current.Channel.Closing += new EventHandler(Channel_Closing);
- ClientCallbackList.Add(client);
- }
- void Channel_Closing(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- lock (ClientCallbackList)
- {
- ClientCallbackList.Remove((IClient)sender);
- }
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- ClientCallbackList.Clear();
- }
- }
- }
3. 服务端Host兼UI实现
Broadcast 按钮按下时,遍历 WcfDuplexMessageService.MessageService. ClientCallbackList 回调。
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.ComponentModel;
- using System.Windows.Forms;
- using System.ServiceModel;
- namespace WcfDuplexMessageSvcHost
- {
- public partial class Form1 : Form
- {
- public Form1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- private ServiceHost _host = null;
- private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- _host = new ServiceHost(typeof(WcfDuplexMessageService.MessageService));
- _host.Open();
- this.label1.Text = "MessageService Opened.";
- }
- private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
- {
- if (_host != null)
- {
- _host.Close();
- IDisposable host = _host as IDisposable;
- host.Dispose();
- }
- }
- private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- var list = WcfDuplexMessageService.MessageService.ClientCallbackList;
- if (list == null || list.Count == 0)
- return;
- lock (list)
- {
- foreach (var client in list)
- {
- // Broadcast
- client.SendMessage(this.textBox1.Text);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
配置:
为了客户端能直接通过公开的Metadata生成proxy,配置文件中加上:
<endpoint address="mex" binding=" mexHttpBinding" contract=" IMetadataExchange"/>
因为元数据公开的服务(IMetadataExchange)使用的是mexHttpBinding,而Duplex使用的是netTcpBinding,所以需要追加http协议对应的BaseAddress: http://localhost:9998/WcfDuplexMessageService
或者修改元数据公开服务的Binding方式:改为mexTcpBinding
- <?xml version="1.0"?>
- <configuration>
- <system.web>
- <compilation debug="true"/>
- </system.web>
- <system.serviceModel>
- <services>
- <service name="WcfDuplexMessageService.MessageService">
- <endpoint address="" binding="netTcpBinding" bindingConfiguration="" contract="WcfDuplexMessageService.IMessageService">
- <identity>
- <dns value="localhost"/>
- </identity>
- </endpoint>
- <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
- <host>
- <baseAddresses>
- <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:9999/WcfDuplexMessageService/"/>
- <add baseAddress="http://localhost:9998/WcfDuplexMessageService"/>
- </baseAddresses>
- </host>
- </service>
- </services>
- <behaviors>
- <serviceBehaviors>
- <behavior>
- <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="True"/>
- <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="False"/>
- </behavior>
- </serviceBehaviors>
- </behaviors>
- </system.serviceModel>
- <startup><supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/></startup></configuration>
4. 客户端实现
(1) 通过Add Service Reference生成客户端Proxy
(2) 实现 WcfSvc.IMessageServiceCallback (Client.cs)
- using System;
- namespace WcfDuplexMessageClient
- {
- public class Client : WcfSvc.IMessageServiceCallback
- {
- public void SendMessage(string message)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("[ClientTime{0:HHmmss}]Service Broadcast:{1}", DateTime.Now, message);
- }
- }
- }
(3) 启动客户端,调用服务端的注册方法:WcfSvc.MessageServiceClient,将客户端的Client实例注册到服务。
- using System;
- using System.ServiceModel;
- namespace WcfDuplexMessageClient
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- var client = new Client();
- var ctx = new InstanceContext(client);
- var svc = new WcfSvc.MessageServiceClient(ctx);
- svc.RegisterClient();
- Console.Read();
- }
- }
- }
OK,运行一下:
补充:
1. 如果去掉回调契约的IsOneWay属性,将会导致服务端引发InvalidOperationException异常。关于Duplex的消息交换定制还可以看看这篇blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/xinhaijulan/archive/2011/01/09/1931272.html
2. XP的IIS 5.x 使用wsDuplexBinding时, 因为回调的服务监听地址默认采用是80,而80正是IIS独占的监听端口。此时会出现AddressAlreadyInUseException异常。为了解决这个问题,需要修改回调服务监听地址:wsDuplexBinding的clientBaseAddress
本系列链接: