deb文件操作

deb是linux安装包格式，广见于linux/android/ios中，

在在linux和ios中存在dpkg命令用于解压 

dpkg -X 1.deb 1

而在windows上可以用cygwin ar.exe解压

ar -x 1.deb

Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command>


Commands:
  -i|--install       <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --unpack           <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  -A|--record-avail  <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --configure        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --triggers-only    <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -r|--remove        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -P|--purge         <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -V|--verify <package> ...        Verify the integrity of package(s).
  --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout.
  --set-selections                 Set package selections from stdin.
  --clear-selections               Deselect every non-essential package.
  --update-avail [<Packages-file>] Replace available packages info.
  --merge-avail [<Packages-file>]  Merge with info from file.
  --clear-avail                    Erase existing available info.
  --forget-old-unavail             Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
  -s|--status <package> ...        Display package status details.
  -p|--print-avail <package> ...   Display available version details.
  -L|--listfiles <package> ...     List files 'owned' by package(s).
  -l|--list [<pattern> ...]        List packages concisely.
  -S|--search <pattern> ...        Find package(s) owning file(s).
  -C|--audit [<package> ...]       Check for broken package(s).
  --yet-to-unpack                  Print packages selected for installation.
  --predep-package                 Print pre-dependencies to unpack.
  --add-architecture <arch>        Add <arch> to the list of architectures.
  --remove-architecture <arch>     Remove <arch> from the list of architectures.
  --print-architecture             Print dpkg architecture.
  --print-foreign-architectures    Print allowed foreign architectures.
  --assert-<feature>               Assert support for the specified feature.
  --compare-versions <a> <op> <b>  Compare version numbers - see below.
  --force-help                     Show help on forcing.
  -Dh|--debug=help                 Show help on debugging.


  -?, --help                       Show this help message.
      --version                    Show the version.


Assertable features: support-predepends, working-epoch, long-filenames,
  multi-conrep, multi-arch, versioned-provides.


Use dpkg with -b, --build, -c, --contents, -e, --control, -I, --info,
  -f, --field, -x, --extract, -X, --vextract, --ctrl-tarfile, --fsys-tarfile
on archives (type dpkg-deb --help).


Options:
  --admindir=<directory>     Use <directory> instead of /var/lib/dpkg.
  --root=<directory>         Install on a different root directory.
  --instdir=<directory>      Change installation dir without changing admin dir.
  --path-exclude=<pattern>   Do not install paths which match a shell pattern.
  --path-include=<pattern>   Re-include a pattern after a previous exclusion.
  -O|--selected-only         Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade.
  -E|--skip-same-version     Skip packages whose same version is installed.
  -G|--refuse-downgrade      Skip packages with earlier version than installed.
  -B|--auto-deconfigure      Install even if it would break some other package.
  --[no-]triggers            Skip or force consequential trigger processing.
  --verify-format=<format>   Verify output format (supported: 'rpm').
  --no-debsig                Do not try to verify package signatures.
  --no-act|--dry-run|--simulate
                             Just say what we would do - don't do it.
  -D|--debug=<octal>         Enable debugging (see -Dhelp or --debug=help).
  --status-fd <n>            Send status change updates to file descriptor <n>.
  --status-logger=<command>  Send status change updates to <command>'s stdin.
  --log=<filename>           Log status changes and actions to <filename>.
  --ignore-depends=<package>,...
                             Ignore dependencies involving <package>.
  --force-...                Override problems (see --force-help).
  --no-force-...|--refuse-...
                             Stop when problems encountered.
  --abort-after <n>          Abort after encountering <n> errors.


Comparison operators for --compare-versions are:
  lt le eq ne ge gt       (treat empty version as earlier than any version);
  lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (treat empty version as later than any version);
  < << <= = >= >> >       (only for compatibility with control file syntax).


Use 'apt' or 'aptitude' for user-friendly package management.

Usage: dpkg-deb [<option> ...] <command>


Commands:
  -b|--build <directory> [<deb>]   Build an archive.
  -c|--contents <deb>              List contents.
  -I|--info <deb> [<cfile> ...]    Show info to stdout.
  -W|--show <deb>                  Show information on package(s)
  -f|--field <deb> [<cfield> ...]  Show field(s) to stdout.
  -e|--control <deb> [<directory>] Extract control info.
  -x|--extract <deb> <directory>   Extract files.
  -X|--vextract <deb> <directory>  Extract & list files.
  -R|--raw-extract <deb> <directory>
                                   Extract control info and files.
  --ctrl-tarfile <deb>             Output control tarfile.
  --fsys-tarfile <deb>             Output filesystem tarfile.


  -?, --help                       Show this help message.
      --version                    Show the version.


<deb> is the filename of a Debian format archive.
<cfile> is the name of an administrative file component.
<cfield> is the name of a field in the main 'control' file.


Options:
  -v, --verbose                    Enable verbose output.
  -D, --debug                      Enable debugging output.
      --showformat=<format>        Use alternative format for --show.
      --deb-format=<format>        Select archive format.
                                     Allowed values: 0.939000, 2.0 (default).
      --old                        Legacy alias for '--deb-format=0.939000'.
      --new                        Legacy alias for '--deb-format=2.0'.
      --nocheck                    Suppress control file check (build bad
                                     packages).
      --uniform-compression        Use the compression params on all members.
  -z#                              Set the compression level when building.
  -Z<type>                         Set the compression type used when building.
                                     Allowed types: gzip, xz, bzip2, none.
  -S<strategy>                     Set the compression strategy when building.
                                     Allowed values: none; extreme (xz);
                                     filtered, huffman, rle, fixed (gzip).


Format syntax:
  A format is a string that will be output for each package. The format
  can include the standard escape sequences \n (newline), \r (carriage
  return) or \\ (plain backslash). Package information can be included
  by inserting variable references to package fields using the ${var[;width]}
  syntax. Fields will be right-aligned unless the width is negative in which
  case left alignment will be used.


Use 'dpkg' to install and remove packages from your system, or
'apt' or 'aptitude' for user-friendly package management. Packages
unpacked using 'dpkg-deb --extract' will be incorrectly installed !

Usage: ar [emulation options] [-]{dmpqrstx}[abcDfilMNoPsSTuvV] [--plugin <name>] [member-name] [count] archive-file file...
       ar -M [<mri-脚本]
 命令：
  d            - 从归档文件中删除文件
  m[ab]        - 在归档文件中移动文件
  p            - 打印在归档文件中找到的文件
  q[f]         - 将文件快速追加到归档文件中
  r[ab][f][u]  - 替换归档文件中已有的文件或加入新文件
  s            - act as ranlib
  t            - 显示归档文件的内容
  x[o]         - 从归档文件中分解文件
 特定命令修饰符：
  [a]          - 将文件置于 [成员名] 之后
  [b]          - 将文件置于 [成员名] 之前 (于 [i] 相同)
  [D]          - use zero for timestamps and uids/gids
  [U]          - use actual timestamps and uids/gids (default)
  [N]          - use instance [count] of name
  [f]          - truncate inserted file names
  [P]          - 在匹配时使用完整的路径名
  [o]          - 保留原来的日期
  [u]          - 只替换比当前归档内容更新的文件
 通用修饰符：
  [c]          - 不在必须创建库的时候给出警告
  [s]          - 创建归档索引 (cf. ranlib)
  [S]          - 不要创建符号表
  [T]          - make a thin archive
  [v]          - 输出较多信息
  [V]          - 显示版本号
  @<file>      - read options from <file>
  --target=BFDNAME - specify the target object format as BFDNAME
 optional:
  --plugin <p> - load the specified plugin
 仿真选项：
  没有仿真特有的选项
ar：支持的目标： pe-i386 pei-i386 elf32-i386 elf32-little elf32-big plugin srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex
将 bug 报告到 <http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/>