MySQL视图

前言

含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
视图是由数据库中的一个表或多个表导出的虚拟表，是一种虚拟存在的表，方便用户对数据的操作。

视图有什么作用？

提高了重用性，就像一个函数。如果要频繁获取user的name和goods的name
示例：

select a.name as username, b.name as goodsname from user as a, goods as b, ug as c where a.id=c.userid and c.goodsid=b.id;

但有了视图就不一样了，先创建视图
示例：

 create view other as select a.name as username, b.name as goodsname from user as a, goods as b, ug as c where a.id=c.userid and c.goodsid=b.id;

创建好视图后，就可以这样获取user的name和goods的name。
示例：

  select * from other;

案例

创建视图

语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

#1.查询姓名中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS

SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id  = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id  = e.job_id;


#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';

视图的修改

视图修改有两种方式
方式一
语法：
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;

使用
SELECT * FROM myv3 

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

方式二：
语法：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;

ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;

删除视图

语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;

DROP VIEW emp_v1,emp_v2,myv3;

查看视图

DESC myv3;

SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

视图更新

具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
①包含以下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
②常量视图
③Select中包含子查询
④join
⑤from一个不能更新的视图
⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

SELECT * FROM myv1;

#更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;

常量视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS

SELECT 'john' NAME;

SELECT * FROM myv2;

#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';

Select中包含子查询

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS

SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;

join

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS

SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d
ON e.department_id  = d.department_id;

#更新

SELECT * FROM myv4;
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name  = '张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen';
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');

from一个不能更新的视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS

SELECT * FROM myv3;

#更新

SELECT * FROM myv5;

UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;

where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS

SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
	SELECT  manager_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);

#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name = 'k_ing';

案例练习

#一、创建视图emp_v1,要求查询电话号码以‘011’开头的员工姓名和工资、邮箱
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v1
AS
SELECT last_name,salary,email
FROM employees
WHERE phone_number LIKE '011%';

#二、创建视图emp_v2，要求查询部门的最高工资高于12000的部门信息
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW emp_v2
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) mx_dep,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;


SELECT d.*,m.mx_dep
FROM departments d
JOIN emp_v2 m
ON m.department_id = d.`department_id`;

总结

今天就到这里了如果有什么不对的地方欢迎大家在评论区留言交流改进！！