Scala 03 面向对象 02 （抽象类、伴生类与伴生对象、case class、Trait）

1 抽象类

package com.lihaogn

object AbstractApp {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val student=new Students2()
    println(student.name)
    student.speak

  }

}

/**
  * 类的一个或者多个方法没有完整的实现（只有定义，没有实现）
  */

abstract class Person2 {

  def speak

  val name: String
  val age: Int


}

// 子类实现抽象类
class Students2 extends Person2 {
  override def speak: Unit = {
    println("speak")
  }

  override val name: String = "lisi"
  override val age: Int = 20
}

2 伴生类与伴生对象

package com.lihaogn

object ApplyApp {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    for (i <- 1 to 10) {
      ApplyTest.incr
    }
    println(ApplyTest.count)

    val b = ApplyTest() // ==> Object.apply

    println("==================")

    // new一个class对象
    val c = new ApplyTest()
    println(c)
    c()

    // 类名() ==> Object.apply
    // 对象() ==> Class.apply
  }

}

/**
  * 伴生类与伴生对象
  * 若有一个class和其同名的object
  * 则就称object是class的伴生对象，class是object的伴生类
  */

class ApplyTest {

  def apply() = {
    println("Class ApplyTest apply ....")

  }

}

object ApplyTest {

  println("Object ApplyTest entering....")
  var count = 0

  def incr = {
    count = count + 1
  }

  // 最佳实践：在Object的apply方法中去new class
  def apply() = {
    println("Object ApplyTest apply ....")

    // 在Object中new一个class
    new ApplyTest
  }

  println("Object ApplyTest leaving....")
}

运行结果：

Object ApplyTest entering....
Object ApplyTest leaving....
10
Object ApplyTest apply ....
==================
com.lihaogn.ApplyTest@75bd9247
Class ApplyTest apply ....

3 case class

package com.lihaogn

object CaseClassApp {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    println(Dog("wangwang").name)
  }

}

// case class 不用new
// 通常用在模式匹配里
case class Dog(name: String)

4 Trait

类似于Java中的接口

// 第一个Trait用extends，其他的用with
class class-name(xxx:xxx) extends Cloneable with Logging with ....