py内置库configparser

ini文件是Initialization File的缩写，平时用于存储软件的的配置文件。例如：MySQL数据库的配置文件:

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-bin=py-mysql-bin
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

这种格式是可以直接使用open来出来，Python为我们提供了更为方便的方式

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('files/my.ini', encoding='utf-8')

# 1.查看所有节点
result = config.sections()
print(result)  # ['mysqld', 'mysqld_safe', 'client']

# 2.读取节点下的键值
result = config.items("mysqld_safe")
print(result)  # [('log-error', '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'), ('pid-file', '/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid')]

for key, value in config.items("mysqld_safe"):
    print(key, value)

# 3.读取节点下的值，根据：节点 + 键
result = config.get("mysqld","collation-server")
print(result)

# 4.其他

# 4.1 是否存在节点
v1 = config.has_section("client")
print(v1)

# 4.2 添加
config.add_section("group")
config.set('group','name','wupeiqi')
config.set('client','name','wupeiqi')
config.write(open('files/new.ini', mode='w', encoding='utf-8'))

# 4.3 删除
config.remove_section('client')
config.remove_option("mysqld", "datadir")
config.write(open('files/new.ini', mode='w', encoding='utf-8'))