代码仓库:JJLi0427/operationsystem (github.com)
1.问题描述:
有一个货架,如果有空间的话生产者生产的产品可以放到其中,然后消费者可以在上面选择已有商品购买取走
2.解决思路:
这个问题需要思考以下几个点:同一时刻只能一人访问缓冲区,缓冲区空间大小是固定的,生产者放入产品空间减少,消费者取走产品空间增加。于是可以设置一个mutex互斥信号,实现同一时刻只能一人访问缓冲区。对于缓冲区的空间,我们设置两个信号量,从两个角度看待。应该是space信号量,这个表示的是剩余的缓冲区大小,消费者放入物品会对他进行p操作,消费者取走物品会对他进行v操作,若space为空则生产者会被阻塞。另外一个是full信号量,表示已尽有物品的缓冲区数量,作用和space是相反的。
3.程序实现:
c++实现如下,编译时需加上 -lpthread
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <unistd.h>
using namespace std;
sem_t space, full, mutex; //space是缓冲区的信号量,full是已使用的缓冲区,mutex访问缓冲区信号量
typedef struct ThreadData {
int id;
int setup;
int exe;
} tdata; //线程的数据结构
void* producer(void* p) {
int id = ((tdata*)p)->id;
int setup = ((tdata*)p)->setup;
int exe = ((tdata*)p)->exe;
sleep(setup);
printf("thread %d: wait to produce\n", id);
sem_wait(&space); //等待缓冲区有空位
sem_wait(&mutex); //访问缓冲区
printf("thread %d: start producing\n", id);
sleep(exe);
printf("thread %d: end producing\n", id);
sem_post(&mutex);
sem_post(&full);
pthread_exit(0);
return NULL;
}
void* consumer(void* p) {
int id = ((tdata*)p)->id;
int setup = ((tdata*)p)->setup;
int exe = ((tdata*)p)->exe;
sleep(setup);
printf("thread %d: wait to consume\n", id);
sem_wait(&full);
sem_wait(&mutex);
printf("thread %d: start consuming\n", id);
sleep(exe);
printf("thread %d: end consuming\n", id);
sem_post(&mutex);
sem_post(&space);
pthread_exit(0);
return NULL;
}
int main() {
int num = 6; //设置生产者和消费者的数量
pthread_t tid[num]; //线程号初始化
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr); //线程属性初始化
sem_init(&mutex, 0, 1);
sem_init(&space, 0, 3);
sem_init(&full, 0, 0);
char worklist[num] = "ccpcpp";
int setuplist[num] = {2, 3, 4, 3, 7, 5};
int exelist[num] = {1, 3, 2, 8, 6, 1}; //设置不同的生产者和消费者的等待时间和执行时间
for(int id = 0; id < num; id++) {
tdata* d = new tdata;
d->id = id;
d->setup = setuplist[id];
d->exe = exelist[id];
if(worklist[id] == 'c') {
printf("create thread %d: consumer\n", id);
pthread_create(&tid[id], &attr, consumer, d); //创建消费者线程
}
else if(worklist[id] == 'p') {
printf("create thread %d: producer\n", id);
pthread_create(&tid[id], &attr, producer, d); //创建生产者线程
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
pthread_join(tid[i], NULL);
}
sem_destroy(&mutex); //销毁信号量
sem_destroy(&space);
sem_destroy(&full);
return 0;
}
4.运行结果:
create thread 0: consumer
create thread 1: consumer
create thread 2: producer
create thread 3: consumer
create thread 4: producer
create thread 5: producer
thread 0: wait to consume
thread 0: start consuming
thread 1: wait to consume
thread 1: start consuming
thread 0: end consuming
thread 3: wait to consume
thread 3: start consuming
thread 2: wait to produce
thread 2: start producing
thread 5: wait to produce
thread 5: start producing
thread 5: end producing
thread 2: end producing
thread 1: end consuming
thread 4: wait to produce
thread 4: start producing
thread 3: end consuming
thread 4: end producing