从sql2005开始为我们新增了几个行号函数,分别是row_number(),Ran(),dense_rank(),下面我们分别就这几个函数进行说明。
row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2)
表示根据COL1分组,在分组内部根据 COL2排序,而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号(组内连续的唯一的).
与rownum的区别在于:使用rownum进行排序的时候是先对结果集加入伪列rownum然后再进行排序,而此函数在包含排序从句后是先排序再计算行号码.
row_number()和rownum差不多,功能更强一点(可以在各个分组内从1开时排序).
rank()是跳跃排序,有两个第二名时接下来就是第四名(同样是在各个分组内).
dense_rank()l是连续排序,有两个第二名时仍然跟着第三名。相比之下row_number是没有重复值的 .
lag(arg1,arg2,arg3):
arg1是从其他行返回的表达式
arg2是希望检索的当前行分区的偏移量。是一个正的偏移量,时一个往回检索以前的行的数目。
arg3是在arg2表示的数目超出了分组的范围时返回的值。
看几个SQL语句:
语句一:
select row_number() over(order by sale/cnt desc) as sort, sale/cnt
from (
select -60 as sale,3 as cnt from dual union
select 24 as sale,6 as cnt from dual union
select 50 as sale,5 as cnt from dual union
select -20 as sale,2 as cnt from dual union
select 40 as sale,8 as cnt from dual);
执行结果:
SORT SALE/CNT
---------- ----------
1 10
2 5
3 4
4 -10
5 -20
语句二:查询员工的工资,按部门排序
select ename,sal,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) as sal_order from scott.emp;
执行结果:
ENAME SAL SAL_ORDER
-------------------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 1
CLARK 2450 2
MILLER 1300 3
SCOTT 3000 1
FORD 3000 2
JONES 2975 3
ADAMS 1100 4
SMITH 800 5
BLAKE 2850 1
ALLEN 1600 2
TURNER 1500 3
WARD 1250 4
MARTIN 1250 5
JAMES 950 6
已选择14行。
语句三:查询每个部门的最高工资
select deptno,ename,sal from
(select deptno,ename,sal,row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) as sal_order
from scott.emp) where sal_order <2;
执行结果:
DEPTNO ENAME SAL
---------- -------------------- ----------
10 KING 5000
20 SCOTT 3000
30 BLAKE 2850
已选择3行。
语句四:
select deptno,sal,rank() over (partition by deptno order by sal) as rank_order from scott.emp order by deptno;
执行结果:
DEPTNO SAL RANK_ORDER
---------- ---------- ----------
10 1300 1
10 2450 2
10 5000 3
20 800 1
20 1100 2
20 2975 3
20 3000 4
20 3000 4
30 950 1
30 1250 2
30 1250 2
30 1500 4
30 1600 5
30 2850 6
已选择14行。
语句五:
select deptno,sal,dense_rank() over(partition by deptno order by sal) as dense_rank_order from scott.emp order by deptn;
执行结果:
DEPTNO SAL DENSE_RANK_ORDER
---------- ---------- ----------------
10 1300 1
10 2450 2
10 5000 3
20 800 1
20 1100 2
20 2975 3
20 3000 4
20 3000 4
30 950 1
30 1250 2
30 1250 2
30 1500 3
30 1600 4
30 2850 5
已选择14行
本文出处:http://blog.csdn.net/gooddasenlin/archive/2008/11/21/3347288.aspx