python单例模式

利用元类实现单例模式

class SingletonType(type):

    _lock = threading.Lock()

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            with SingletonType._lock:
                if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
                    cls._instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance


class Person(metaclass=SingletonType):

    country = 'China'

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


p1 = Person('xiao ming', 11)
p2 = Person('xiao wang', 12)

print(id(p1))
print(id(p2))

执行结果

2500573968032
2500573968032

利用__new__实现单例模式

class Person:

    _lock = threading.Lock()

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            with Person._lock:
                if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
                    cls._instance = object.__new__(cls)
        return cls._instance

p1 = Person('xiao ming', 11)
p2 = Person('xiao wang', 12)

print(id(p1))
print(id(p2))

执行结果

1915329610360
1915329610360

通过类名+instance实现

class Person:

    _lock = threading.Lock()
    _instance = None

    @classmethod
    def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls._instance is None:
            with Person._lock:
                if cls._instance is None:
                    cls._instance = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

p1 = Person.instance('xiao ming', 11)
p2 = Person.instance('xiao wang', 12)

print(id(p1))
print(id(p2))

执行结果

2575101100664
2575101100664