Linux使用技巧7--GBK转成UTF-8

文件的内容编码的转换

Windows系统中编辑的Java源码，在Linux下打开会出现中文乱码的情况。原因就是文件编码格式的问题，Windows下通常是GBK而Linux下是UTF-8。

在vim中用set fileencoding命令就可以看出编码格式，如下：

//linux下
fileencoding=utf-8
//windows下
fileencoding=latin1

最简单的办法就是在windows下将文件另存为utf8格式。那么在linux下我们可以使用iconv工具将其转换格式。

$ iconv --help
Usage: iconv [OPTION...] [FILE...]
Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another.

 Input/Output format specification:
  -f, --from-code=NAME       encoding of original text
  -t, --to-code=NAME         encoding for output

 Information:
  -l, --list                 list all known coded character sets

 Output control:
  -c                         omit invalid characters from output
  -o, --output=FILE          output file
  -s, --silent               suppress warnings
      --verbose              print progress information

  -?, --help                 Give this help list
      --usage                Give a short usage message
  -V, --version              Print program version

$ iconv -f GBK -t UTF-8 test.java -o test2.java

转换完毕，中文乱码就不见了。

文件的批量转换

借用http://blog.csdn.net/deqingguo/article/details/7314558的方案：
1.创建一样的目录结构：

$ find com -type d -exec mkdir -p com2/{} \;

2.转换

$ find com -type f -exec iconv -f GBK -t UTF-8 {} -o com2/{} \;

文件/文件夹名的转换

这就要用到convmv工具了。

$ convmv
Your Perl version has fleas #22111 #37757 #49830 
convmv 1.15 - converts filenames from one encoding to another
Copyright (C) 2003-2011 Bjoern JACKE <bjoern@j3e.de>

 USAGE: convmv [options] FILE(S)
-f enc     encoding *from* which should be converted
-t enc     encoding *to* which should be converted
-r         recursively go through directories
-i         interactive mode (ask for each action)
--nfc      target files will be normalization form C for UTF-8 (Linux etc.)
--nfd      target files will be normalization form D for UTF-8 (OS X etc.)
--qfrom    be quiet about the "from" of a rename (if it screws up your terminal e.g.)
--qto      be quiet about the "to" of a rename (if it screws up your terminal e.g.)
--exec c   execute command instead of rename (use #1 and #2 and see man page)
--list     list all available encodings
--lowmem   keep memory footprint low (see man page)
--nosmart  ignore if files already seem to be UTF-8 and convert if posible
--notest   actually do rename the files
--replace  will replace files if they are equal
--unescape convert%20ugly%20escape%20sequences
--upper    turn to upper case
--lower    turn to lower case
--parsable write a parsable todo list (see man page)
--help     print this help

将tech目录下的文件夹或文件递归转换：

sudo convmv -f gbk -t utf-8 -r --notest tech/

另外需要注意，有时候在windows上用zip压缩时也会带来乱码问题。