Android ListView例子详解

三种实现方法，由浅入深。这中间要注意Adapter的用法，其实你要是看过Android的文档，你会发现有很多Adapter，

如果你还不太清楚适配器模式，可以先补补这方面的知识。在实际工作中，设计模式是个很好的帮手。

两个layout文件：

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />
    
    <ListView 
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        ></ListView>

</LinearLayout>

listview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout  
  xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
  android:id="@+id/linerlayout1"  
  android:orientation="vertical"  
  android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
  android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
  >  
     <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/person_name"  
        android:textSize="23sp"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
     />  
     <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/person_age"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
    />  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/person_email"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
    />  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/person_address"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
    />  
</LinearLayout>  

Activity:LincListViewActivity.java

package com.linc.listview;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

public class LincListViewActivity extends Activity {
	private final static String[] data = {"张飞","张辽","张角","张三丰","张牙舞爪","张灯结彩","张唑啉","张大民"};
	
	//创建数据源.  
    Zhang[] data2 = new Zhang[]{  
        new Zhang("张飞",38,"zhangfei@gmail.com","燕山"),  
        new Zhang("张辽",36,"zhangliao@sina.com","雁门"),  
        new Zhang("张角",51,"zhangjiao@gmail.com","钜鹿"),  
        new Zhang("张三丰",200,"sanfeng@gmail.com","辽东"),  
        new Zhang("张牙舞爪",25,"5zhao@gmail.com","冀州"),
        new Zhang("张灯结彩",25,"5zhao@gmail.com","冀州") ,
        new Zhang("张唑啉",25,"5zhao@gmail.com","冀州") ,
        new Zhang("张大民",25,"5zhao@gmail.com","冀州") ,
        new Zhang("张牙舞爪",25,"5zhao@gmail.com","冀州")  
    };  
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        ListView listview = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listview);
        /*
         * 第一种：普通字符串
         */
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter1 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, 
        		android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        
        /*
         * 第二种：文艺类对象
         */
        ArrayAdapter<Zhang> adapter2 = new ArrayAdapter<Zhang>(this, 
        		android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data2);
        
        /*
         * 第三种：自定义适配器
         */
        ListAdapter adapter3 = new ListAdapter(this, R.layout.listview,data2) ;//okay, the resource id is passed.
        
        listview.setAdapter(adapter3);
    }
}

数据类对象：Zhang.java

package com.linc.listview;

public class Zhang {
	       
    private String name;  
    private int age;  
    private String email;  
    private String address;  
    public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

   
    public Zhang(String name, int age, String email, String address) {  
        super();  
        this.name = name;  
        this.age = age;  
        this.email = email;  
        this.address = address;  
    }  
   
    @Override  
    public String toString() {  
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", email=" + email  
                + ", address=" + address + "]";  
    }  
   
}  

适配器类：ListAdapter.java

package com.linc.listview;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Zhang> {
	private LayoutInflater mInflater; 
	
	public ListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId,Zhang[] obj) {
		super(context, textViewResourceId,obj);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		
		this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
	}
	
	@Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		if(convertView == null){  
            //创建新的view视图.  
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview, null); //see above, you can use the passed resource id.
        }  
          
        ViewHolder holder = null;  
        if(holder==null){  
            holder = new ViewHolder();  
            //查找每个ViewItem中,各个子View,放进holder中  
            holder.name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.person_name);  
            holder.age = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.person_age);  
            holder.email = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.person_email);  
            holder.address = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.person_address);  
            //保存对每个显示的ViewItem中, 各个子View的引用对象  
            convertView.setTag(holder);  
        }
        else// I think this a bug, program can not run here!!!--linc2014.11.12
        {
        	holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); 
        }
          
        //获取当前要显示的数据  
        Zhang person = getItem(position);  
  
        holder.name.setText(person.getName());  
        holder.age.setText(String.valueOf(person.getAge()));  
        holder.email.setText(person.getEmail());  
        holder.address.setText(person.getAddress());  
        return convertView;
    }
    
	private static class ViewHolder
	{
		TextView name;  
        TextView age;  
        TextView email;  
        TextView address;
	}
	
	
}

更复杂的一个例子： 单行与多行并存

还可以参考：View Tag的介绍

或者对比着GridView来学习一下它们的异同，Android自定义GridView之实现一个图片加多个文本框

它们的Adapter一个是继承自ArrayAdapter，另一个是BaseAdapter。

另外，API demo中相关的例子一定要看看。那才是真正的宝藏呢。

下面直接给出List14源码：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.android.apis.view;

import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import com.example.android.apis.R;

/**
 * Demonstrates how to write an efficient list adapter. The adapter used in this example binds
 * to an ImageView and to a TextView for each row in the list.
 *
 * To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques:
 * - It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary
 * - It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary
 *
 * The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view returned by
 * getView(). This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to, thus
 * avoiding calls to findViewById() every time getView() is invoked.
 */
public class List14 extends ListActivity {

    private static class EfficientAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
        private Bitmap mIcon1;
        private Bitmap mIcon2;

        public EfficientAdapter(Context context) {
            // Cache the LayoutInflate to avoid asking for a new one each time.
            mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

            // Icons bound to the rows.
            mIcon1 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.icon48x48_1);
            mIcon2 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.icon48x48_2);
        }

        /**
         * The number of items in the list is determined by the number of speeches
         * in our array.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getCount()
         */
        public int getCount() {
            return DATA.length;
        }

        /**
         * Since the data comes from an array, just returning the index is
         * sufficent to get at the data. If we were using a more complex data
         * structure, we would return whatever object represents one row in the
         * list.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getItem(int)
         */
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        /**
         * Use the array index as a unique id.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getItemId(int)
         */
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        /**
         * Make a view to hold each row.
         *
         * @see android.widget.ListAdapter#getView(int, android.view.View,
         *      android.view.ViewGroup)
         */
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            // A ViewHolder keeps references to children views to avoid unneccessary calls
            // to findViewById() on each row.
            ViewHolder holder;

            // When convertView is not null, we can reuse it directly, there is no need
            // to reinflate it. We only inflate a new View when the convertView supplied
            // by ListView is null.
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, null);

                // Creates a ViewHolder and store references to the two children views
                // we want to bind data to.
                holder = new ViewHolder();
                holder.text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
                holder.icon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.icon);

                convertView.setTag(holder);
            } else {
                // Get the ViewHolder back to get fast access to the TextView
                // and the ImageView.
                holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            }

            // Bind the data efficiently with the holder.
            holder.text.setText(DATA[position]);
            holder.icon.setImageBitmap((position & 1) == 1 ? mIcon1 : mIcon2);

            return convertView;
        }

        static class ViewHolder {
            TextView text;
            ImageView icon;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setListAdapter(new EfficientAdapter(this));
    }

    private static final String[] DATA = Cheeses.sCheeseStrings;
}