该翻译都是大概意思，原则不直译！
Query layers were first introduced at the 10.0 release primarily to allow ArcMap to integrate data from databases that do not contain the system geodatabase repository tables. Think of query layers as a method for accessing database objects that are not geodatabase-aware, without having to go through the process of registering the objects with ArcSDE or the geodatabase.
QueryLayer的对象最早是从ArcGIS10版本推出的，该功能主要是在ArcMap进行创建，使用QueryLayer是因为存储在数据库中的对象没有注册在系统Geodatabase的Schema中。所以如果有类似对象的表希望在ArcMap中进行显示，在ArcGIS10版本只能通过QueryLayer来访问。
小提示
其实QueryLayer10版本的推出，更多的是解决Native存储在ArcGIS客户端的显示，比如Oracle的Oracle Spatial存储，该数据并没有在ArcSDE的Schema中进行注册，同样可以通过QueryLayer10进行显示，不过前提条件是必须以ST_Geometry、SDO_Geometry、Geography、Geometry等进行存储，安装数据库客户端，而且这种都是只读操作。
更多QueryLayer参考
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When first released, the only way to create a query layer was in ArcMap using the Add Query Layer tool, which also required a special connection file (.qcf). This file was required for ArcGIS to connect to databases that did not have a geodatabase component. Native access to both spatial and non-spatial database objects through the ArcGIS client application allowed for the ability to integrate a wider spectrum of data into GIS projects, and provided the ability for modification to include a specific subset of data – similar to a definition query and/or a database view.
在QueryLayer10版本，只能通过ArcMap的Add Query Layer工具创建QueryLayer对象，而且需要使用一个特殊的连接文件（.qcf)，ArcGIS使用该文件连接数据库无需Geodatabase组件，不管是空间数据库或者非空间数据，都可以通过ArcGIS客户端使用这种方式进行连接加载和现实，而且在连接好空间数据后也可以设置GIS的投影信息，这种方式有点类似于ArcGIS的定义查询（ definition query）和数据库视图。
With the ArcGIS 10.1 release, new functionality was added to make database connections native in ArcGIS, which eliminated the need to create the query connection file (.qcf) when building query layers. Query layers evolved from something that could only be manually built to a behavior that automatically occurs when accessing database objects that are not geodatabase-aware through a database connection file (.sde) in ArcGIS. In other words, query layers are generated dynamically by adding non-geodatabase objects to ArcMap via drag and drop from the Catalog window.
在ArcGIS10.1版本，ArcGIS客户端可以直接加载原生的（native）数据库对象，已经无需专门创建Query连接文件（.qcf)来创建。ArcGIS在连接Native存储或者没有注册在ArcSDE地理数据库中的ST_Geometry存储的空间数据会自动以QueryLayer对象进行显示，无需进行任何设置。
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Are query layers read-only?
Query layers are read only in ArcMap. At the 10.1 release, ArcGIS Spatial Data Server (SDS) services were introduced, which allowed the publishing of database data in an editable feature service. At 10.2, ArcGIS for Server feature access enabled map services were enhanced to allow data to be published from database connections that didn’t contain the geodatabase system tables. This opened up the ability to edit query layers via an ArcGIS for Server feature service and eliminated the need for the ArcGIS Spatial Data Server (SDS).
Query Layer只能只读么？
ArcMap加载的QueryLayer只能只读。打开编辑是会报相关错误信息的。在ArcGIS10.1版本，ArcGIS 的空间数据服务器（SDS）发布的Feature Service可以进行相关的编辑。在ArcGIS10.2版本，使用ArcGIS for Server可以发表Feature Service来对没有注册在Geodatabase系统表的数据进行编辑。而且SDS只是一个过渡版本，估计在新版本这些功能都集成在ArcGIS10.2 for Server。
更多参考：
ArcGIS10.2发布Oracle Spatial存储的Feature Service的编辑问题：http://blog.csdn.net/linghe301/article/details/17160919
Ability to edit query layers:
| Version | Editable? |
| 10.0 | No |
| 10.1 | Yes – via SDS service |
| 10.2 | Yes – via feature access enabled map service |
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To edit the data at 10.1, create a map that contains your database data, and publish that data to the ArcGIS Spatial Data Server service. NOTE: Make sure the layer is not registered with the geodatabase.
ArcGIS10.1版本使用SDS发布要素类服务可以编辑没有注册在Geodatabase的数据
Beginning with ArcGIS 10.2, you should use ArcGIS for Server feature services to publish data from supported database management systems. This allows you to edit query layers via the feature access enabled map services, and takes the place of ArcGIS Spatial Data Server feature services (which have been deprecated).
ArcGIS10.2 使用Server的要素类服务可以直接进行QueryLayer的编辑，以后SDS要素服务可能被遗弃。
How to create a query layer
A query layer can be created manually in ArcMap by building a query against objects that exist within a geodatabase or a database that does not contain the geodatabase system repository tables. You should use this method to create a query layer if you need to define a subset of data. For example, when working with a layer that contains a large number of features, you should use the Add Query Layer tool and include a ‘where’ clause that restricts the number of features that will be included in the query layer.
ArcMap可以手动创建QueryLayer对象，如果该要素类包含大量的数据，使用QueryLayer工具添加Where条件可以过滤相关数据。所以有时候QueryLayer的用法与SDE视图比较类似
- Build a Query Layer manually using the ‘New Query Layer’ dialog in ArcMap: File > Add Data > Add Query Layer
A query layer is created when the layer/table that is not registered with the geodatabase is added to ArcMap via these additional methods:
- Starting at 10.1 – Drag and drop a database layer into ArcMap from ArcCatalog or the Catalog window in ArcMap –The ArcMap Layer properties will display a Data Type of ‘Query Feature Class’ within the source tab
- Using the Add Data button within ArcMap to add data from a database
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Display behavior of database data in ArcGIS
ArcGIS for Desktop reads the layers in a database that contain feature geometry and displays them within ArcCatalog. How these appear in the Catalog tree changed starting at the 10.1 release. When data is viewed in ArcCatalog or the Catalog window in ArcMap, a new icon is displayed.
如果细心的用户也可以发现，在ArcGIS10.1版本，SDE数据的图标也发生了相关的变化。
This icon indicates that the object is a non-geodatabase aware/registered table with a spatial component/column.
该图标是一个没有注册在ArcSDE系统表的数据，所以ArcGIS并不了解该数据是什么类型（点、线、面等）数据。
- Dragging a database layer with this icon into ArcMap would create a query layer where the feature geometry is discovered and rendered.
- Double-clicking this object within ArcCatalog will discover and change the icon to a feature class icon for the specific geometry type that is stored in the geometry column.
- Within ArcMap the layer will display similarly to a feature class, but checking the layer properties source within ArcMap reveals the Data Type of Query Feature Class.
Viewing database data in ArcGIS
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SUMMARY
Important things to note about query layers:
- Query layers only persist within the map document that they were created in
- Query layers do not require a geodatabase
- Query layers are read-only in ArcMap when added directly from a database connection
- Currently, query layers are only editable when accessed via certain types of services:
- 10.1 – Spatial Data Server feature access enabled services can edit query layers
- This functionality only existed for one product release as it was incorporated into the feature access enabled map service at the 10.2 release
- 10.2 – Query layers can be edited as part of a feature enabled map service
- .qcf files are query connection files that were generated for the 10.0 release to allow the connection to a non-geodatabase-aware relational database to build a query layer. Starting at the 10.1 release these were no longer needed, but continued to work.
总结
QueryLayer只能存储在地图文档中
Query Layer不需要必须存储在geodatabase中
在ArcMap中加载的QueryLayer只能只读
截止到目前ArcGIS10.2.x版本，只能通过ArcGIS Server的要素服务来编辑QueryLayer
10.1版本只能通过SDS要素类服务编辑QueryLayer
10.2版本通过ArcGIS for Server的要素服务来进行编辑。.qcf文件是ArcGIS10版本的产物，在ArcGIS10.1版本之后就没有了。
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版权所有，文章允许转载，但必须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任!
Blog: http://blog.csdn.net/linghe301
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Additional References:
What’s new for geodatabases in ArcGIS 10 > Data management in geodatabases
What’s new at 10.2 – See ‘Publishing feature services from databases’
FAQ: What has changed in Query Layers between ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1?
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