第六周项目六 复数模板类（类外定义&加减乘除）

项目要求

 阅读教材例10.1。该例实现了一个复数类，但是美中不足的是，复数类的实部和虚部都固定只能是double型的。可以通过模板类的技术手段，设计Complex，使实部和虚部的类型为定义对象时指定的实际类型。
    （1）要求类成员函数在类外定义。
    （2）在此基础上，再实现减法、乘法和除法
    你可以使用的main()函数如下。

int main( )
{
    Complex<int> c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;   //实部和虚部是int型
    c3=c1.complex_add(c2);
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display( );
    Complex<double> c4(3.1,4.4),c5(5.34,-10.21),c6; //实部和虚部是double型
    c6=c4.complex_add(c5);
    cout<<"c4+c5=";
    c6.display( );
    //下面测试减法、乘法和除法
    ……
    return 0;
}

代码如下

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class numtype>
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(numtype r=0,numtype i=0):real(r),imag(i) {};
    Complex operator + (Complex &c2);
    Complex operator - (Complex &c2);
    Complex operator * (Complex &c2);
    Complex operator / (Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    numtype real;
    numtype imag;
};

template <class numtype>
void Complex<numtype>::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i"<<")"<<endl;
}

template <class numtype>
Complex<numtype> Complex<numtype>::operator + (Complex<numtype> &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real+c2.real;
    c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}

template <class numtype>
Complex<numtype> Complex<numtype>::operator - (Complex<numtype> &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real-c2.real;
    c.imag=imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}

template <class numtype>
Complex<numtype> Complex<numtype>::operator * (Complex<numtype> &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag;
    c.imag=real*c2.imag+imag*c2.real;
    return c;
}

template <class numtype>
Complex<numtype> Complex<numtype>::operator / (Complex<numtype> &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}

int main( )
{
    Complex<int> c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;   //实部和虚部是int型
    //c3=c1.complex_add(c2);
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display( );
    Complex<double> c4(3.1,4.4),c5(5.34,-10.21),c6; //实部和虚部是double型
    //c6=c4.complex_add(c5);
    c6=c4+c5;
    cout<<"c4+c5=";
    c6.display( );
    //下面测试减法、乘法和除法
    
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display( );
    c6=c4-c5;
    cout<<"c4-c5=";
    c3.display( );
    
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display( );
    c6=c4*c5;
    cout<<"c4*c5=";
    c3.display( );
    
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display( );
    c6=c4/c5;
    cout<<"c4/c5=";
    c3.display( );
    
    return 0;
}

运行结果