单例模式涉及到一个单一的类,该类负责创建自己的对象,同时确保只有单个对象被创建。这个类提供了一种访问其唯一的对象的方式,可以直接访问,不需要实例化该类的对象。
即:①单例只能有一个实例②单例类必须自己创建自己的唯一实例③单例类必须给其他对象提供这一实例
1.懒汉模式,线程不安全
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
if (instance==null){
instance=new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
2.懒汉模式,线程安全
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;
private Singleton(){}
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance(){
if (instance==null){
instance=new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
3.饿汉模式,线程安全
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance=new Singleton();
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
4.双检锁/双重校验锁(DCL,即double-checked locking)
public class Singleton {
private volatile static Singleton instance;
private Singleton() {}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Singleton.class) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
return instance;
}
}
5.登记式/静态内部类
public class Singleton {
private static class SingletonHolder{
private static final Singleton instance=new Singleton();
}
private Singleton(){}
public static final Singleton getInstance(){
return SingletonHolder.instance;
}
}
6.枚举
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE;
public void whateverMethod(){
}
}