nfs管理

该博客记录了在CentOS8系统上安装NFS服务的过程,包括使用`yum`安装`nfs-utils`及相关依赖,创建共享目录,编辑`/etc/exports`文件设置共享,并启动NFS服务。同时,客户端也安装了NFS服务,成功挂载了服务器的共享目录,实现了文件共享。防火墙被关闭,以确保NFS通信不受限制。
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1.服务端安装NFS

[root@192 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com             57 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com           33 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com       206 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64          40 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64         3.0 MB/s |  13 MB     00:04    
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================
 Package                   Architecture   Version                   Repository    Size
=======================================================================================
Installing:
 nfs-utils                 x86_64         1:2.3.3-46.el8            base         500 k
Installing dependencies:
 gssproxy                  x86_64         0.8.0-19.el8              base         119 k
 keyutils                  x86_64         1.5.10-9.el8              base          66 k
 libverto-libevent         x86_64         0.3.0-5.el8               base          16 k
 python3-pyyaml            x86_64         3.12-12.el8               base         193 k
 quota                     x86_64         1:4.04-14.el8             base         214 k
 quota-nls                 noarch         1:4.04-14.el8             base          95 k
 rpcbind                   x86_64         1.2.5-8.el8               base          70 k
Downgrading:
 libverto                  x86_64         0.3.0-5.el8               base          24 k
 
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install    8 Packages
Downgrade  1 Package
 
Total download size: 1.3 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/9): keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64.rpm                1.1 MB/s |  66 kB     00:00    
(2/9): libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm        664 kB/s |  16 kB     00:00    
(3/9): gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64.rpm                1.0 MB/s | 119 kB     00:00    
(4/9): libverto-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm                 113 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
(5/9): python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64.rpm           1.4 MB/s | 193 kB     00:00    
(6/9): quota-nls-4.04-14.el8.noarch.rpm                1.5 MB/s |  95 kB     00:00    
(7/9): quota-4.04-14.el8.x86_64.rpm                    1.7 MB/s | 214 kB     00:00    
(8/9): nfs-utils-2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64.rpm               1.8 MB/s | 500 kB     00:00    
(9/9): rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64.rpm                  799 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                  3.2 MB/s | 1.3 MB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                               1/1 
  Downgrading      : libverto-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                                  1/10 
  Installing       : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                         2/10 
  Installing       : gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                                 3/10 
  Running scriptlet: gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                                 3/10 
  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                                   4/10 
  Installing       : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                                   4/10 
  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                                   4/10 
  Installing       : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch                               5/10 
  Installing       : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64                                   6/10 
  Installing       : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64                            7/10 
  Installing       : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                                 8/10 
  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64                              9/10 
  Installing       : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64                              9/10 
  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64                              9/10 
  Cleanup          : libverto-0.3.2-2.el8.x86_64                                 10/10 
  Running scriptlet: libverto-0.3.2-2.el8.x86_64                                 10/10 
[/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf:1] Unknown group 'apache'.
[/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf:2] Unknown user 'apache'.
warning: %transfiletriggerin(systemd-239-69.el8.x86_64) scriptlet failed, exit status 65
 
Error in <unknown> scriptlet in rpm package libverto
  Verifying        : libverto-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                                  1/10 
  Verifying        : libverto-0.3.2-2.el8.x86_64                                  2/10 
  Verifying        : gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                                 3/10 
  Verifying        : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                                 4/10 
  Verifying        : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                         5/10 
  Verifying        : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64                              6/10 
  Verifying        : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64                            7/10 
  Verifying        : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64                                   8/10 
  Verifying        : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch                               9/10 
  Verifying        : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                                  10/10 
 
Downgraded:
  libverto-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                                                          
Installed:
  gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                 keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64           
  libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64         nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64        
  python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64            quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64             
  quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch               rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64             
 
Complete!

2.创建目录,共享文件

[root@192 ~]# mkdir /nfs
[root@192 ~]# ls /nfs
[root@192 ~]# vi /etc/exports
[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/exports

 该文件权限为能读能写

/nfs 192.168.154.128

 启动服务

[root@192 ~]# systemctl enable --now nfs-server
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

 

 rpcbind已经启动

[root@nfsserver ~]# systemctl status rpcbind
● rpcbind.service - RPC Bind
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service; enabled;>
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-12-23 07:52:35 CST; 1min >
     Docs: man:rpcbind(8)
 Main PID: 22841 (rpcbind)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 5790)
   Memory: 1.5M
   CGroup: /system.slice/rpcbind.service
           └─22841 /usr/bin/rpcbind -w -f

 客户端安装nfs服务器

[root@nfsserver yum.repos.d]# yum -y install nfs-utils
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:51 ago on Fri 23 Dec 2022 07:38:14 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================
 Package              Arch      Version              Repo       Size
=====================================================================
Installing:
 nfs-utils            x86_64    1:2.3.3-46.el8       baseos    500 k
Installing dependencies:
 gssproxy             x86_64    0.8.0-19.el8         baseos    119 k
 keyutils             x86_64    1.5.10-9.el8         baseos     66 k
 libverto-libevent    x86_64    0.3.0-5.el8          baseos     16 k
 python3-pyyaml       x86_64    3.12-12.el8          baseos    193 k
 quota                x86_64    1:4.04-14.el8        baseos    214 k
 quota-nls            noarch    1:4.04-14.el8        baseos     95 k
 rpcbind              x86_64    1.2.5-8.el8          baseos     70 k

Transaction Summary
=====================================================================
Install  8 Packages

Total download size: 1.2 M
Installed size: 3.8 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/8): keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64. 113 kB/s |  66 kB     00:00    
(2/8): gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64. 178 kB/s | 119 kB     00:00    
(3/8): python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x8 785 kB/s | 193 kB     00:00    
(4/8): nfs-utils-2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64 1.1 MB/s | 500 kB     00:00    
(5/8): quota-4.04-14.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.0 MB/s | 214 kB     00:00    
(6/8): quota-nls-4.04-14.el8.noarch. 570 kB/s |  95 kB     00:00    
(7/8): rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64.rp 542 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00    
(8/8): libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8  13 kB/s |  16 kB     00:01    
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                1.0 MB/s | 1.2 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                             1/1 
  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                  1/8 
  Installing       : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                  1/8 
  Running scriptlet: rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                  1/8 
  Installing       : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch              2/8 
  Installing       : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64                  3/8 
  Installing       : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64           4/8 
  Installing       : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64        5/8 
  Installing       : gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                6/8 
  Running scriptlet: gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                6/8 
  Installing       : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                7/8 
  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64             8/8 
  Installing       : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64             8/8 
  Running scriptlet: nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64             8/8 
  Verifying        : gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                1/8 
  Verifying        : keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                2/8 
  Verifying        : libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64        3/8 
  Verifying        : nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64             4/8 
  Verifying        : python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64           5/8 
  Verifying        : quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64                  6/8 
  Verifying        : quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch              7/8 
  Verifying        : rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                  8/8 

Installed:
  gssproxy-0.8.0-19.el8.x86_64                                       
  keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64                                       
  libverto-libevent-0.3.0-5.el8.x86_64                               
  nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-46.el8.x86_64                                    
  python3-pyyaml-3.12-12.el8.x86_64                                  
  quota-1:4.04-14.el8.x86_64                                         
  quota-nls-1:4.04-14.el8.noarch                                     
  rpcbind-1.2.5-8.el8.x86_64                                         

Complete!

ps:客户端不用启用其服务,不用配置文件

关闭防火墙

[root@192 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@192 ~]# setenforce 0

客户端查看能否使用 

[root@192 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.154.129
Export list for 192.168.154.129:
/nfs 192.168.154.128

客户端挂载

[root@192 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.154.129:/nfs /media/
[root@192 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              453M     0  453M   0% /dev
tmpfs                 472M     0  472M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 472M  6.6M  465M   2% /run
tmpfs                 472M     0  472M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root    17G  1.8G   16G  11% /
/dev/sda1            1014M  226M  789M  23% /boot
tmpfs                  95M     0   95M   0% /run/user/0
192.168.154.129:/nfs   17G  1.8G   16G  11% /media

 查看创建的文件

[root@192 ~]# cd /media/
[root@192 media]# ls
[root@192 media]# touch abc
[root@192 media]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Dec 23 08:23 abc


 

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